Service Marketing And Relationship Management of Qantas Airlines

Question: Discuss about theService Marketing and Relationship Management of Qantas Airlines. Answer: Introduction Qantas airways limited are one of the famous national airlines of Australia. This airline is the biggest airline of Australia the worlds oldest working airline. Headquarter of the Qantas airline is in Mascot suburb, Sydeny. This report is basically presents the services of the Qantas airlines as a blueprint. This report will provide the descriptions of front stages and back stages functions of Qantas airlines. Along with this, this report will present the view of moments of truth of the airline company. Company will show the determinants of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the airline company. The company is in operation since 1920 as Queensland and Northern territory aerial services limited. Today Qantas is famous across the world a top long distance airline. The vision of the company is to operate as the best airline in the world and to be the low fare airline of the world (Qantas, 2015). There are five main objectives of the Qantas airlines: To ensure safety of the passengers by providing best safety services, Providing best customer services to the passengers, To provide best route network by selecting proper and right route and aircraft, Developing and proving Qantas as the best brand in terms of low fare, and Improving productivity by constant operational efficiency. Qantas group has divided its services in two airlines named Qantas and Jetstar. Qantas airline is a commercial airline. The company is mainly focusing on strong marketing policy such as customer service and operation policy. The company has different brands i.e. Jetstar, Qantas Frequent Flyer, Qantas Freight, Q- catering etc for operating in regional, domestic and international market with in-flight catering and travel operations (Qantas airline, 2015). Blueprint of Front Stage and Back Stage Functions Service Blueprinting is a tool that works that enables the user to have a framework for viewing service improvement. Service Blueprinting alone does not lead to success; it is a visual tool designed to give valuable contributions to the service engineering process. What follows is a short description of the framework. Service Engineering is a systematic process for developing new services. This is usually conducted in project form and follows a basic process flow (Seyring Dornberger, 2009). Service-Blueprinting is a service planning help tool. It can be used for developing new innovative services as well as for improving existing services. The method is also appropriate for ensuring the quality of service processes. It can also be used for new employee training or for showing clients a service cycle overview. The blueprint of functions of the Qantas airlines in customer service is described below in the figure: Figure 1: Blueprint of Qantas Airline (Source: Seyring, 2009) There is the blueprint of the services of Qantas airline in the figure. In the figure, the functions of front stage and back stage for the customers are shown. For the customers, there are many functions to be done. In front stage function, the team of airline greets to the customers and then in security check functions, team the checks the passengers. After security check, the airline serves and greets their customers. These all functions are completed in front stage function of the airline. In the back stage function of servicing, loading bags in the plane, mechanism, pilot servicing, and removing bags from the plane after journey are done by the airline. Along with this, support process also has been done by the airline. In the support process, online registration, registration system, metal detector, check plane function are included (Qantas Airways, 2010). Moment of Truth of Qantas Airline In todays environment, success of a company depends upon the expanding the business and the relationship of the company with its customers. It is also depends upon the sales of products and services of the company. Moment of the truth can be defined as a case where the customer and the company come in to contact with one another so that customer gets opportunity to form or change the perception about the firm. The word moment of truth was originated by Jan Carlzon. He used this term to identify those moments in which significant brand impression has been take place and where the important opportunities for the customers are take place (Madge, Davidson Beaujean, 2006). In the case of Qantas airlines, The Company has made triumphant profit and effective growth rate in the value of flying kangaroo brand. Along with the increasing brand loyalty, company has also improved profitability, financial stability, and brand value among the customers (PASH, 2016). Share prices of the company have also increased which is currently nearing $4. Qantas biggest source of the money is its loyalty program for the customers. And consumers are engaging with this program. This is the positive impact on the company because customers perceive the company good for the airlines services (Gardiner, 2015). Determinants of Satisfaction for the Qantas Airline Consumer plays a major role in the marketing activity of any business. Costumers satisfaction is one of the major objectives of airline companies. It is the most important to satisfy the customers for the future growth of the business. This is one of the major parts of marketing activities of the company. To satisfy the customers is an important part in marketing concepts. Consumer satisfaction is one of the main aims of marketing strategy because it affects the future buying behavior of the consumer, profitability and shareholders value of the company (Kotler Armstrong, 2004). The satisfaction determinants can be determined by gap model. Figure 2: Gap model (Source: Blogger, 2009) The customers of the Qantas airlines are satisfied with the services of the company such as service quality and pricing: Service Quality: Service quality is the main important element in the marketing of any product and service. Quality of service is an important strategy for the success or growth of any business. Because it can impact on the buying and consumption behavior of the consumers (Ranaweera Prabhu, 2003). Consumers of Qantas airline perceive quality of the services very good because they are getting more than their needs, wants and expectations. Because of excess in their requirements, consumers of Qantas Airline are showing higher satisfaction towards the company. The result of customer satisfaction is that Qantas Airline is the second largest airline in the Australia. Company is providing airlines services at the same time, and delivering the best services to its customers. The company provides premium air travels services across the world. The best part of the services of this company is that it is providing different range of services to various customers. The company has different trav el services for regional areas and international markets. Along with this, company has provided safety and protection facilities to its customers. Company provides a finest service named take a trip service with the air travel software services. This is the best way of the company to provide quality in service and to get profit in the airline industry (Zeithaml, Bithner Gremler, 2009). Price: Price can be defined as what the consumers pay in exchange of products and services. Companies set the prices for the products and services near about the prices of competitors so that they can get competitive advantage from their products. Customers always choose those services which are easily available and the cheapest in the cost. It can be said that price is an important part of marketing strategies because it influences the demand of the particular product and services. Good price with service quality impacts consumers and they always try to avail those services (Lovelock, Wirtz, 2007). Qantas airlines provide best services of air travel with low prices. The company uses cost plus margin strategy for the pricing of services. Along with this, company is also using competitive pricing methods so that it could provide best services with affordable rates compared to competitors such as Virgin Blue. Company offers low travel rates for new destinations to the travelers. If there is any problem with the travelling, company has a policy to refund the payment to the customers. Refund of the payments provides flexibility to the customers. Sometimes Qantas provides discounts to its regular customers. Fares of the Qantas are decided by the market where demand is near to supply. Along with this, Qantas uses lowest possible prices strategy for Jetstar and Jetstar international (Law Leung, 2000). Employee Attitude: There is very significant role of employee attitude in the satisfaction level. Employee attitude includes ability and willingness of employees to help attention and win the customers trust in the airline industry. The attitude factor is very crucial in the low cost airline industry for the safety and comfort of the passengers. Customers in the plane always expect that company have employees with positive attitude and good nature that will ensure of the safety in the flight. It is very important that how the employees of the airline company are providing services to increase customer satisfaction (Babbar Koufteros, 2008). The quality of the services by the employees in Qantas is based on the ability of its human resources. There are many customers who have direct contacts with the employees of Qantas. The company has provided uniform to the staff for the different appearance. Thus, it is obvious that employees attitude is the most important part for influencing customers in airline services. Accuracy of services: Right and proper accuracy in services is the most important part of customer satisfaction. It is very important part to influence the customers. In low cost airline, this factor is important because customers chose those services which provide best services in fewer prices. A bit delay in flight can be the cause of dissatisfaction among the customers (Bhattacharya Singh, 2008). Inaccurate service can be disappointing the customers. Qantas provides accurate and better services with low cost that is why it is famous among the people of the country. This airline is perceived good for its better service not for its prices. The front stage facilities and back stage facilities of the airline company are very good. That is the reason that the Qantas airline is second largest airline of Australia (Roades Waguespack, 2008). Physical evidence: Physical evidence of the airline can be one of the causes for customer satisfaction. The elements in the physical evidence in the airline industry include basic factor such as safety, comfort, and aircraft. To lead in the airline industry, Qantas is providing best services to the customers. The company will lead success if the expectations of customers for physical evidence will meet with the services of Airline Company. Qantas always use new aircrafts which affect the customer satisfaction. Customers of Qantas have higher service expectations with the airline and company always try to meet with those expectations (Lawton, 2002). Service Recovery Strategy Plan of Qantas Airline Service recovery refers to the actions and precautions taken by any company in the case of failure in service in order to change customers perception and dissatisfaction. The management of the company should support the service recovery plan because bad and poor service can be the cause of customer dissatisfaction (Lewis McCann, 2004). Failure in services leads negative impact on the customers and rating company lower compared to competitors. There are number of strategies by which a company can get a successful service recovery on critical incidents. A successful recovery depends upon the actions, decision making powers and the judgment of employees. Service recover process is also very important for the airline industries. An effective service recovery plan will control the service failures, minimize customer dissatisfaction and strengthen the bonding and relationship with customers (La Kandampully, 2004). Qantas airline is very famous airline among the customers. Customers perceive this airline as cost effective and affordable for travelling. Customers have lots of expectations from the airline regarding service quality, prices, employees support etc and company always tries to fulfill the expectations of the customers. But there can be failure in the services of the company. The failure in the services can be the cause of customer dissatisfaction so there is a need of service recovery plan in the company. An appropriate service recovery plan will help the company to minimize customer dissatisfaction and improve the quality of services (Greatbrook, 2016). The service recovery plan can include some functions such as: First of all, company needs to identify that where is the problem in service. The major problem in the service can lead of customer dissatisfaction. It involves identifying the problem and solving it quickly. There can be various problems such as problem in quality, price, behavior of employees, aircraft services, booking services, website error etc. Company needs to identify those problems so that it could provide better service quality to the customers (Coye, 2004). After identification of problem, the main focus of company should be on the recovery of the problem. Company should find out the actual and real problem or cause of the problem. By identifying the cause of problem, company will be able to deal with the factors which are creating problem. Website error can be the problem due to server failure and behavior of the employees cannot be good because of lack of motivation. Other reasons can be that lack of attention on the pricing and quality. It can create dissatisfaction among customers. By identifying reason of the problem, company can apply effective plan to reduce the problems (Cranage, 2004). Along with the identification of problem and cause behind the problem, company can offer the customers alternative options until the problem is not resolved. Alternative option can be so effective that customers will accept those options happily. By providing the options, the aim of the company should be the satisfaction of the customers. Company can adopt a strategy such as communicating with customers to address the problem. Communicating with customers will help the company to increase customer satisfaction. Communicating to customers includes providing feedback and explaining the reason behind the failure of service. Telling the reason of service failure will ensure the customers about the companys loyalty towards the customers. It will also ensure the customers about the actions taken by the company for the service recovery personally and professionally (Magnini Ford, 2004). Qantas should also provide regret for the failure of the service. An apology can increase the image of the company in front of the customers. Along with this, company can present the compensation such as tangible payment, discount, and vouchers in front of customers for increasing customer satisfaction (Baron Harris, 2003). Employees should be trained to overcome from the service failure because service recovery depends upon the actions, decision making powers and the judgment of employees. So it is important that company must have trained employees for the service recovery functions. Training of employees should include assuring customers who are facing problems in facilities and services, managing and giving revert the responses of customers while facing problems in services, empower and motivate the employees at the time of crisis, and focusing on employees satisfaction also along with the customer satisfaction. These training parts will help the company to recover the problems in services (Christopher, Payne Ballantyne, 2002). Qantas airlines can adopt the above plans of strategies for recovery from service problems and failures including effective training and communication with the customers, feedbacks and explanations regarding service failure. Along with this, an apology is the good option that company can adopt. Conclusion The report has been provided the descriptions of front stages and back stages functions of Qantas airlines in a blueprint. Along with this, this report has been presented the view of moments of truth of the airline company. From the above discussion, it has been analyzed that Qantas airways limited are one of the famous national airlines of Australia. The objective of the company is to operate as the best airline in the world and to be the low fare airline of the world. From the given blueprint, it has been analyzed that the company has managed the front and back stage functions very effectively. It has got high level of customer satisfaction. Further, in the part of moment of truth, it can be seen that company has increased its profit and growth in recent years. Along with this, there is the increment in the shares of the company compared to previous years. The customers of the Qantas airlines are satisfied with the services of the company. The elements of customers satisfaction are pricing, quality of services, employees behavior and accuracy of service. This airline is perceived well for its better service. The quality of the services by the employees in Qantas is based on the ability of its human resources. Regarding recovery from the failure of the service, a service recovery plan has been given in the report. The given points such as identify that where is the problem, identification of cause of the problem, communication to the customers, suggesting the alternative options and effective training of employees can be helpful for the company to increase the customers satisfaction. References Babbar, S., Koufteros, X., (2008), the human element in airline service quality: Contact personnel and customers, International Journal of operation production management, 28(9), 804-830. Baron, S. Harris. K., (2003), Services Marketing: Text and Cases (2nd), Houndmills: Palgrave. Bhattacharya, S., Singh, D., (2008), The emergence of hierarchy in customer perceived value for services: A grounded analysis: Journal of American Academy of Business, 13(65) Christopher, M., Payne, A., Ballantyne, D., (2002), Relationship Marketing: Creating Stakeholder Value, Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann Coye, R. W., (2004), Managing customer expectations in the service encounter: International Journal of Service Industry Management, 5(1), 5471. Cranage, D., (2004), Plan to do to right: and plan for recovery: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(4), 210219. Gardiner, B., (2015), Qantas: External partnerships crucial to customer loyalty growth, accessed on 24th September 2016 on https://www.cmo.com.au/article/570077/qantas-external-partnerships-crucial-customer-loyalty-growth/ Greatbrook, (2016), Making the Case for Service Recovery Strategies, accessed on 24th September from https://greatbrook.com/service-recovery-strategies-customer-retention/ Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., (2004), Principles of marketing (10), Upper Saddle River: NJ Prentice Hall. La, K.V., Kandampully, J., (2004), Market orientated learning and customer value enhancement through service recovery management: Managing Service Quality, 14(5): 390401 Law, R., Leung, R., (2000), a study of airlines online reservation services on the Internet: Travel Research, 39(2), 202-211 Lawton, T.C., (2002), Cleared for take-off, structure and strategy in the low fare airline business, Eng: Ashgate publishing limited Lewis, B. R., McCann, P.,(2004), Service failure and recovery: evidence from the hotel industry: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(1), 6-17 Lovelock, Wirtz, (2007), Service Marketing- people, technology, strategy (6th), Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Madge, S., Davidson, J., Beaujean, M., (2006), The moment of truth in customer service, accessed on 24th September 2016 on https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/the-moment-of-truth-in-customer-service Magnini, V.P., Ford, (2004), Service failure recovery in China: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(5), 279286 PASH, C., (2016), Qantas has improved its ranking as one of the world's most valuable airline brands, accessed on 24th September 2016 on https://www.businessinsider.com.au/qantas-has-improved-its-ranking-in-as-one-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-airline-brands-2016-2 Qantas airline, (2015), Connecting Australia to the world, accessed on 24th September from https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/connecting-australia-to-the-world.pdf Qantas Airways, (2010), The Qantas Group at a Glance,accessed on 24th September from https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/FactFiles.pdf Qantas, (2015), A Strong, Sustainable Future, accessed on 24th September from https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2015AnnualReport.pdf Ranaweera C., Prabhu J., (2003), On the relative importance of customer satisfaction and trust as determinants of customer retention and positive word of mouth: Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 12 (1), p. 82. Roades, D.L., Waguespack,J, B, (2008), Twenty years of service quality performance in the US airlines industry managing service quality, 18(1), 20-33 Seyring, M., Dornberger, U., (2009), Service Blueprinting HANDBOOK, accessed on 24th September from https://www.vgu.edu.vn/fileadmin/pictures/studies/MBA/Handbook_Service_Blueprinting.pdf Zeithaml, V.A., Bithner, M. J., Gremler, D.D., (2009), Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm (5th), NY: McGrew Hill

Key Pieces of Research Paper Format Outline

Key Pieces of Research Paper Format Outline Create a conclusion and recommendations based on the outcome that you have gathered. If you're not conscious of APA requirements just type in Google (or some other search engine) APA format and you are certain to get tons of results. While excellent information is found on other kinds of websites, you ought to take the next step by finding the original supply of information instead of using an unscholarly source. You should beware of using information on the internet that isn't cited as there isn't any system of peer review and data can be quite inaccurate. Whether you're writing a short or longer MLA research paper, there's always the demand for you to make an outline before you commence writing. Your principal concern must be to make sure that your materials are only introductory and your readers have been adequately considered. Before you're able to reflect on a topic you will need to choose one. The subject of your paper and th e selected literature ought to be adjacent. A research paper that concerns scientific issues isn't only a free-style essay where you are able to tell readers whatever you desire. APA is a well-liked reference style employed in many sorts of academic writing. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to be certain you opt for a fantastic topic before you commence writing. Employing APA format means you're following an internationally acceptable writing style to which the majority of the readers are extremely familiar too. The Benefits of Research Paper Format Outline A paper is always simpler to write if you're interested in the subject, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and compose a paper that genuinely covers the full subject. No matter the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. An outline is utilised to present. Making an APA outline is th e very first issue to do in developing a structure on what is going to be written in the paper and the way it's written. Be certain to ask your instructor if you're unclear concerning the sort of term paper you are supposed to write. Thus, your introduction needs to be clear and precise. Below are the three most important aspects to consider to ensure you select the very best research paper topics. Possessing a perfect outline increases the probability of you presenting a research paper that's well written. Research papers are a main portion of the educational procedure, and several instructors require students to supply an outline of their research paper before they actually. Students don't always understand how to analyze. So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. Therefore, you must begin with the research. In the era of the world wide web, it is getting increasingly important to make certain that your research are available, both on the net and on university intranet search facilities. Should you need additional research you may look for some academic studies that discuss the advantages of studying abroad. The War Against Research Paper Format Outline In the event the class isn't one in which you get an actual interest, consider figuring out a manner you may tie in a topic that you're interested where the training course material. The very first step, nevertheless, is to understand what your topic is. If it is a particular topic or instructs you to select a topic about a particular subject or time period, you're in luck. Each scientific discipline and at times even each individual supervisor has their own means of setting out references so it's always best to ask for the right research paper format. Even in case you have necessary data, it can be pretty difficult to present it in an appropriate systematic manner in line with the rules of formalization. There are a lot of good references to aid you with research methodology and technical writing. There's a format for every person to follow for the simplicity of understanding.

Writing About the Death of a Salesman Essay

Writing About the Death of a Salesman EssayWhen it comes to writing a death of a salesman essay, there are several things that you should bear in mind. Your life has just changed dramatically, and you need to come up with a way to share this information with your audience. This is because writing about the death of a salesmen's life will require you to reflect on how life changes you and your family, as well as how your perspective of life changes.Most people tend to take this news of the life of a salesman and assume that he will not be around much longer. They tend to forget that a salesman is not immortal, even though some people think that they are. In fact, they have to die at some point. It is important to reflect on this fact when writing a death of a salesman essay, because it helps you to put your thoughts into words.You must consider the fact that a person who works in a business and is also a business owner is different from a person who works in the service industry. A bu siness owner takes an active role in the business he owns. In fact, the business owner will be very proud of the money he makes in his own business. However, the fact remains that a salesman has to work and make money in order to support himself and his family. Therefore, it is very important that a salesman reflects on how the life of a salesman changes his life.In addition, you will have to consider the fact that a business owner is concerned with the financial well-being of his business. He is concerned with the price of his product or service. The fact that the price of his product or service goes up is not something that will bother him. However, the fact that his customers complain about the high price is something that will affect his business.You can't count on just any customer to give you their business, and you may have to work hard to get repeat business. If you have been able to make a relationship with a repeat customer, he or she will tell their friends about your ser vice or product, and this will help you increase your sales. However, if you do not make a connection with a new customer, then you may be forced to wait a long time before getting the first business in the mail.You have to understand that there is no one who is not susceptible to death in the service industry. You will find that there are a large number of service people who will continue to provide their services to your customers for as long as they live. A salesperson who dies is considered a lost opportunity for the company that employed him, and the owner will be greatly saddened by this loss.Writing about the life of a salesman can be difficult because he or she has to deal with death constantly. There are certain times when he will lose his job, and there are certain times when his family will lose a loved one. Therefore, you will have to be very sensitive to the fact that you are dealing with life and death throughout your essay.Therefore, when you want to write a death of a salesman essay, you will need to reflect on the fact that the life of a salesman changes people. This means that you will have to come up with a theme that you can use throughout your essay.

Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About 1990s Us History Topics for Research Paper Is Wrong and What You Should Know

Why Almost Everything You've Learned About 1990's Us History Topics for Research Paper Is Wrong and What You Should Know The Lost Secret of 1990's Us History Topics for Research Paper Your orders will be carried out exactly as you desire. Bear in mind, in addition, there are discounts available when purchasing all 3 e-books and free shipping when purchasing all three text books. Organizations sell their goods and services on credit basis to raise the sales of the organization. Finally, some cities become unsecure to reside in. Finally using drug persists. The events happened quite a while ago therefore keep the tense. When you realise that the time isn't enough, you start to work more productively. At the close of the century, it is obvious that in the space of a couple years the net and the World Wide Web have started to change the way that people live, learn, work, and shop in many portions of the world. Another benefit of our website is the quickness. You have to devo te a certain quantity of time sitting in the library or surfing the internet as a way to discover some helpful data for your academic paper. A helpful site with links to other interesting websites on the history of the web. It isn't only important to be a superior writer, yet to make the suitable choice with academic writing from the very start. However tight your deadline is, you will receive the very best essay! From time to time, your essay prompt might ask that you compose a specific sort of essay. Use a brief anecdote, a brief you're writing. In the event you do not have any experience in writing an essay, or you wish to boost your writing ability, it is wise to go through various actions in the writing process. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are necessary to support your understanding of academic writing style. Decisions made in 1 nation can have an effect on a nation half-way around the world. This popular topic considers the function of the USA in different nations and whether the U.S. has imposed'' democracy on other nations. Nevertheless, you'll still must write about history. Generations How four unique generations at work can get the job done together. The Basic Facts of 1990's Us History Topics for Research Paper You will soon locate the official data about us. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. You can acquire the very best research paper topics from several academic sources. If you wish to find high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for a fair price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. You may even go for an available writer to communication panel, which gives an immediate communication between the author and the customer. I am hoping that our list can help you to select the very best research paper topics. To get started researching local problems, head straight to local newspapers and internet sources. 1990's Us History Topics for Research Paper - the Conspiracy The author has the ability to earn a point clear for the readers. If do not have any urge to waste time on choosing the best topic and writing the entire argumentative essay from scratch, don't forget you've a loyal group of professionals by your side. If you're writing about social problems, you will usually be writing about the way the topic affects larger groups of people, including how poverty affects a whole generation. Growth of a company is a significant concern for those stakeholders of the organization. The study will play an essential part in businesses. Subsequently it provides mechani sms that will be adopted to improve the profitability and overall performance of the organization. It will help improve the performance of organization facing working capital management problems. The development of an organization is distinguished by its profitability and capability to survive and gain more market share. When the drugs are burnt it passes a very clear warning to those that are caught they wouldn't be spared. The shortage of a suitable working capital interrupts the manufacturing procedure andincapacitates the organization, which might lead to the foreclosure of the company. Other aspects can be considered to have played a part in reducing drugs locally. Finding 1990's Us History Topics for Research Paper Online American sources mostly consider Western Allies as the principal players on this chess board. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. History is an art meaning it doesn't require one to possess the brains to find grade A. An exceptional brief introduction. 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Encourage Gender Inequality in Schools by Participating in Sample Essays

Encourage Gender Inequality in Schools by Participating in Sample EssaysDid you know that your study of sample essays, normally done by professors, could provide an opportunity to expose gender inequality? Yes, even students can take the initiative and write a perfect essay on gender equality for their classmates. You see, every student has something to contribute to such discussions and an outstanding assignment could turn into a difference in the class or will simply teach the whole class something new.Most professors, either college or university lecturers, usually prefer to get their students to read sample essays and think about the topics and how they would approach the same essay in real life. At times this may even appear to be some kind of a form of group therapy as students are provided with a platform to talk about some of the more difficult issues. However, this method could very well end up contributing to gender inequality. However, the chances of this happening could b e relatively small but for those who wish to make a difference in the society and want to ensure that no child lives under the constant threat of sexual harassment or discrimination, this will give them the chance to shine.Students are also given an excellent opportunity to learn from their professors and go back to them with problems and corrections they find difficult to answer. If you have seen the number of students returning to their professors with problems or corrections they have failed to solve at home or at school, then you will understand how important such interaction can be. Your assignment as a student should not only be finding out the answers, but also ensuring that you put these new solutions into practice so that you not only produce a good essay, but also a good student.If you feel that your professors have not taken adequate measures to prevent gender inequality in the classroom, then perhaps it is time you started writing your own essay or submitted it to a maga zine or newspaper so that you can draw the attention of male and female students. Such opportunities are always available for students who want to come forward and use their intellect to increase awareness in societies all over the world.Some even choose to carry out research and write sample essays for organizations and create a difference. For example, you can help a female artist to come up with a composition for a competition and share this with other female artists. Of course, the results would make it possible for everyone to appreciate their talent and help them obtain funding from international agencies which will benefit the whole of the community.In fact, writing a sample essay on gender equality would be a rather easy job. All you need to do is provide an introduction and the objectives of the essay. The rest of the body should be filled with quotations or information regarding particular points that you feel are worth discussing.In addition, writing sample essays on gend er equality will help you expand your knowledge of different points of view or even offer you with new insights into various subjects. In fact, you may even try to address a variety of issues while keeping in mind the tone of the essay. Of course, your assignment will be of less value if you cannot identify and defend your views.Some will argue that in order to write gender equality essays, students should just read other examples and ideas presented in sample essays. While this may be true, there is no harm in also participating in writing the assignment. Even if you do not follow the requirements, it is important to note that your participation is important and helps your instructor know what you were trying to achieve.

Solar Energy Installation Project Management

Introduction Establishment of renewable energy resources to curb global warming is receiving immense support from a majority of the governments (Atkinson 2001). Atkinson claims, â€Å"People have used non-renewable sources of energy like coal and petroleum for a long time† (2001, p. 45).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Solar Energy Installation Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These sources have significantly contributed to the emission of greenhouse gases, prompting the nations to look for alternative sources of energy. The sun has proved to be the sole source of energy that does not contribute to environmental pollution. Moreover, the source of energy is inexhaustible and naturally acquired. What’s more, the cost of solar power continues to go down as many people appreciate its use in the society (Ghosh et al. 2002). It underlines the reason many institutions and households a re installing solar panels in their buildings. Project Overview Countries like India have also established â€Å"grid connected solar photovoltaic power systems as part of their action plan for climate change† (Goletsis, Psarras Samouilidis 2003, p.139). Many solar energy projects are in progress as countries respond to the call for environmental conservation. The sun is an excellent source of energy, but many people have not taken its advantage. The sun emits most of its energy in the form of heat and light, which can be harnessed and converted into other forms of energy for various uses (Haapasalo, Ingalsuo Lenkkeri 2006). Long ago, people used solar power to keep warm. They could use solar energy to start a fire and warm themselves. Later, some people came up with passive solar energy plans to keep their houses warm. They built their houses in such a way that the floors and walls could absorb heat energy from the sun and emit it during the night. With time, people learnt that the sun could act as an essential source of energy. In 1839, scientists discovered photovoltaic, which was a breakthrough in the history of humankind. According to Haralambopoulos and Polatidis, photovoltaic (solar) cells are â€Å"large-area semiconductors that convert sunlight directly into electricity† (2003, p. 967). Photovoltaics can be used in numerous gadgets, which include satellites, watches, telecommunication devices and in calculators. Photovoltaics are not widely used because they are very expensive. However, the reduction in cost of energy power should make photovoltaics affordable.  Changes in global fuel cost have led to many organisations losing a lot of money.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Adoption of solar energy would go a long way towards saving the countries and companies from costs attributed to the energy crisis. The fact that solar energy is inexhaustible makes it the most reliable source of energy for business and nations at large (Kendrick 2009). It is alleged that the available oil reserves will only sustain the world for at most 40 years. It implies that countries will have to look for alternative sources of energy before the oil reserves get exhausted. Solar power is inexhaustible, which makes it the next source of energy that countries are likely to adopt.  The objective of solar energy installation project is to ensure that households get the most required light and heat energy. It is hard to run domestic chores without light and heat energy in the houses. Consequently, installing solar panels would go a long way to facilitate domestic duties. The project aims to equip 1000 households with solar panels by the end of six months. The installation will be the first phase of the project. Another objective of the project is to integrate families into the global campaign on environmental conservation. Homes , contribute to environmental pollution through the use of nonrenewable sources of energy like coal and petroleum. Installing solar power would lower the rate of environmental pollution linked to households. This project covers 3000 houses from the outskirts of London. Majority of the families outside the city of London rely on electric energy supplied by the government. The project intends to equip all the households with solar power by the end of one and a half years. The project will not involve non-governmental organisations and public facilities that might be found in the region that the project covers. It will strictly focus on domestic households.  One of the project’s deliverables is the establishment of proper procedures to facilitate installation of the solar panels. The other deliverable is the installation of solar power system in two households to demonstrate the realism of the project in outskirts of London. The project desires to encourage the society to embr ace solar energy as the only source of energy that is sustainable and does not contribute to environmental pollution. Work breakdown structure Kerzner alleges, â€Å"Success of project management depends, to a significant extent, on the manager’s ability to effectively specify the work contents of the project in terms of its activities and deliverables† (2009, p. 113). One of the instruments of planning and managing the activities of a project is work breakdown structure (WBS).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Solar Energy Installation Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kerzner alleges, â€Å"The work breakdown structure identifies and groups the project elements in a way that defines the overall range of the project† (2004, p. 75). Every lower level of the structure stands for a progressively more detailed definition of a project component (Kerzner 2004). The constituents may be in form of goods or services. In other words, the work breakdown structure is â€Å"a hierarchical representation of the work contents, whereby the project is divided into progressively smaller elements. The elements found at the lowest level of the hierarchy are known as work packages† (Rogers et al. 2008, p. 4219). The success of the project lies in the ability of the project manager to accurately identify, organise and run each work package. The entire work requires being broken down into a number of successive activities that work coherently to achieve the overall goals of the project (Solangi et al. 2011). The figure below represents the high-level planning workflow of solar energy system installation. Assessment report will involve analysing and reporting on the energy system that the homes are currently using to identify its merits and demerits. The report will give a detailed account of how the existing power system contributes to environmental pollution as w ell as it inefficiency (Cleland 2002). The compilation of assessment report will run concurrently with a pilot project aimed at determining feasibility of the intended project. The pilot project will help the managers to determine if the project will work. Besides, it will help the managers to understand how the society will respond to the project. The success of any project depends on how it is received by the target population. Prior to rolling out the project, it is imperative to conduct a pilot project to understand its reception.  The assessment report will help the project managers to have clear information about the project. It will assist them to evaluate and compare the cost of the project to its benefits.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, the report will give a clear regional input-output analysis, which is vital for the managers to know if the project will be of significant benefit to the society. The solar installation project is not only intended to help the community to cut down on environmental pollution, but it is also designed to help the nation to reduce its energy cost. Consequently, one of the work packages of the project will be to identify the existing energy service company (ESCO) billing structures and come up with a database for the same. The database will be crucial when determining the energy billing structure to adopt.  Another task that the installation project will cover will be carrying out an audit of the energy saving opportunities. One way of reducing energy cost is reducing the rate of energy consumption. Besides, it is imperative to lower the rate of energy consumption for solar energy to be enough. The audit will help the managers to identify possible ways of maximising the usage of solar energy. Besides, they will identify the available options of solar power projects and settle for the most efficient. Work breakdown dictionary ID Task name Description Duration Start Finish 1.0 Assessment report The report gives an account of the available energy system and its costs. It documents how the existing power system contributes to environmental pollution. 20 days Jan 10 ‘15 Jan 30 ‘15 1.1 Costs/Benefits analysis A cost/benefits analysis will be run to compare the existing and intended energy systems. The analysis will identify the current ESCO billing structure, possible alternative billing structures and establish a database for the same 20 days Feb 2 ‘15 Feb 22 ‘15 1.2 Identify energy saving opportunities A field study will be conducted to determine how the households utilise energy and come up with measures to save energy. On-site energy assessment will be done, and an energy review carried out. 20 days Feb 25 ‘15 Mar 17 ‘15 2.0 Pilot solar energy project Managers will run a pilot project to determine the feasibility of the project. The pilot project will help to determine if the community will embrace the intended project. 28 days Mar 20 ‘15 Apr 17 ‘15 2.1 Project design and implementation After the pilot project, managers will sit down with other employees to develop the overall solar installation project based on the findings of the pilot project. The end of the project plan will mark the onset of project implementation and monitoring 90 days Apr 20 ‘15 July 7 ‘15 Determining package size This project will use â€Å"hammock† activities to ascertain the degree of the lowest package. Many people believe that each work package ought to last for about 80 hours and not more than a month. It cannot happen in this project since it would lead to the establishment of millions of work packages. Therefore, the â€Å"hammock† activity will be used to break the task into smaller packages by splitting the total work into distinct and coherent sub-elements. Activity schedule The success of any project depends on the ability to organise and sequence activities in an orderly manner (White Fortune 2002). Project managers ought to identify the activities that are interdependent and sequence them accordingly. Besides, they need to determine the independent activities and schedule them in a way that they run concurrently to save on time. For decades, countries have incurred enormous economic loss due to the energy crisis (Huraib, Hasnain Alawaji 2007). The project will entail a number of activities, which will be implemented in a sequence to guarantee the success of the project. These activities will include compilation of assessment report to understand the degree of energy requirement. Additionally, the project managers will evaluate the costs and benefits of solar energy and analyse the existing ESCO billing structures. The project will b e preceded by a pilot project aimed at ascertaining the feasibility of the project. The following is the work plan for the project: S. No Position in WBS Activity Depending on Duration 1 1.0 Assessment report – 20 days 2 1.1 Costs/Benefits of current vs. previous energy – 6 days 3 1.1.0 Economic input/output RIO scrutiny 2 2 days 4 1.1.1 Analyse present ESCO billing – 5 days 5 1.1.2 Identify substitute ESCO’s billing 4 4 days 6 1.1.2.1 Establish a database of substitute 5 3 days 7 1.2 Identify possible energy saving opportunities – 7 days 8 1.2.1 Energy audit evaluation 7 3 days 9 1.2.2 Collect data – 4 days 10 1.2.3 Analyse data 9 3 days 11 1.2.2.0 On-site assessment 9 1 day 12 1.2.2.1 Energy review study 11 2days 13 2.0 Run pilot project 12 14 days 14 2.1 Project design 13 10 days 15 2.2 ID feasible solar energy project options 14 4 days 16 2.3 Implementation 15 3 months Project network It is imperat ive to identify the dependencies and to sequence them correctly in a network so as to come up with a project network (Andersen, Cook Marceau 2004). Dependencies are activities that depend on others and cannot be executed before the independent activities (Wustenhagen et al. 2007). The above schedule shows some of the dependence activities in this project. The importance of establishing the project network is to show the order in which the various activities will be executed. Besides, the system helps to identify the critical path, which shows the principal activities. Critical path facilitates in work prioritization to ensure that the project is completed on time. The network technique helps the project manager to identify where to start the project, the order of activities and where to end the project. Besides, the method helps the project manager to identify the relevant activities and trail their execution (Burke 1999). On the other hand, Gantt diagram helps the project manager to identify the various activities of the project. However, Gantt diagram does not allow the manager to determine the critical path. Instead, the manager ends up executing all the outlined activities without understanding their interdependence. For the Gantt technique, the project may take a long duration since it is hard to identify the critical path and the most important activities. The project will use optimization technique to allocate time to the various activities. It will guarantee that critical activities get adequate time. Additionally, it will ensure that managers do not take a lot of time on trivial activities. Resource estimation One of the benefits of breaking the work into smaller packages is that â€Å"it provides accurate cost control if and only if the line managers can determine the costs at this level of detail† (De Wit 2004, p. 167). The managers will use the Ratio Method to estimate the total cost of the project. The ratio method is a top-down approach, which is conducted through estimation (Vine 2005). The managers will do a rough estimate of the requisite resources based on what the project will require for its completion. Ratio Method technique does not require the elements of work breakdown structure. Nevertheless, the elements will help the project managers to understand the required resources based on workflow. For the activities that require an enormous amount of money and time, the project managers will do the estimations based on the available data from previous projects. It will be difficult for the managers to come up with a correct estimate of the cost of the entire project. However, the estimation process will be conducted in a way that takes into account the changes that might arise during project realization. Hence, financial estimates for each activity will be raised a bit to cater for any unforeseen changes.  A number of resources will be required to complete the project. They include both material and human res ources. In the case of human resource, the project will need experts in solar panel installation. The experts will be assigned the duty to install and manage the solar panels once the project managers learn that the project is feasible, and it receives support of the community. On the other hand, the project will require research and data analysts who will be responsible for researching on the existing solar energy installation projects. They will identify and analyse the challenges that the projects face, how the challenges are overcome and project feasibility. In the case of material resources, the project will require numerous resources, which range from solar panels, inverters, batteries and photovoltaic diodes. These resources are essential for the project to be complete. Below is a summary of the costs associated with the project. Resources Estimated cost ($) Human Resources $120,0000 Solar panels $40,000 Inverters $25,000 batteries $75,000 Photovoltaic diodes $15 ,000 Miscellaneous expenses $20,000 Total $295,000 Financial Manager will be responsible for controlling the cash flow during the timescale of the work package. The manager will liaise with procurement staff to purchase all the necessary materials. It is important that cash flow is managed from a central location to minimise wastage. Therefore, the finance manager will account for the money spent throughout the project. Risk assessment and conclusion The project faces a number of constraints, one of which is financial challenges. The cost of installing the solar power system is high. Besides, the amount of energy generated by the system is less relative to the energy produced by the non-renewable sources. Solar power relies on the sun. Hence, it would be hard for the families to use the energy, especially during winter seasons (Kern Howlett 2009). The families will be advised to cut down on their rate of energy consumption to curb these challenges.  Solar energy installati on projects are susceptible to a number of risks. The risks include financial risk, operational risk, technological risk, climate and the weather risk and construction risk. Financial risk may arise due to insufficient capital (Bing et al. 1999). On the other hand, operational risk may occur in the form of project closure due to scarcity of resources or component failure. Technological risk may arise as a result of the equipments not producing the expected amount of electric energy. Changes in the weather condition may also affect the project. Risk assessment matrix Risk identified Management Reactions Probability Cause of the risk Manageable Solution There might be insufficient financial resources Gathering adequate financial resources Low Poor planning Soliciting for funding from financial institutions The project may come to a halt due to inadequate resources Not starting the project before all resources are mobilised Very low Poor planning Mobilising resources before laun ching the project The equipments may not produce the required amount of energy Not purchasing equipments before they are tested Low Technical problem Purchasing electrical gadgets from authorised dealers There may be alterations in electricity generation Ensuring that solar panels are clean, and no snow covers them Low Natural cause Cleaning the solar panels regularly Conclusion The accomplishment of the solar energy installation project will depend on accurate identification of the work packages and proper allocation of human and financial resources. The work breakdown structure has been provided to help the project manager to identify all the activities that the project involves. Besides, a project network has been prepared to assist the project manager to prioritise the different activities. The project is vulnerable to numerous risks. However, if the management team conducts thorough preparation prior to starting the project, it will avert all the potential hazards. The o verall cost of the project stand at $295,000. To ensure that the project is completed on time, the management team should make sure that it has mobilized the necessary resources, and it has evaluated all the potential risks. Reference List Andersen, P, Cook, N Marceau, J 2004, ‘Dynamic innovation strategies and stable networks in the construction industry: Implanting solar energy projects in the Sydney Olympic Village’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 351-360. Atkinson, R 2001, ‘Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria’, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 337-342. Bing, L, Tiong, R, Fan, W Chew, D 1999, ‘Risk Management in International Construction Joint Ventures’, Journal of Construction Engineering Management, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 277–284. Burke, R 1999, Project Management: Planning and Control Techniques, John Wiley Sons, Chichester. Cleland, D , 2002, Project Management: Strategic Design and Implementations, McGraw-Hill, London. De Wit, A 2004, ‘Measurement of project success’, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 164-170. Ghosh, D, Shukla, P, Garg, A Ramana, P 2002, ‘Renewable energy technologies for Indian power sector: mitigation potential and operational strategies’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 481-512. Goletsis, Y, Psarras, J Samouilidis, J 2003, ‘Project ranking in the American energy sector using a multicriteria method for groups’, Annals of Operations Research, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 135-157. Haapasalo, H, Ingalsuo, K Lenkkeri, T 2006, ‘Linking strategy into operational management: A survey of BSC implementation in Finnish energy sector’, Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 701 – 717. Haralambopoulos, D Polatidis, H 2003, ‘Re newable energy projects: Structuring a multi-criteria group decision-making framework’, Renewable Energy, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 961-973. Huraib, F, Hasnain, S Alawaji, S 2007, ‘Lessons learned from solar energy projects in Saudi Arabia’, Renewable Energy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1144-1147. Kendrick, T 2009, Identifying and Managing Projects Risk: Essential Tools for Failure-Proofing Your Project, John Wiley Sons, London. Kern, F Howlett, M 2009, ‘Implementing transition management as policy reforms: a case study of the Dutch energy sector’, Policy Sciences, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 391-408. Kerzner, H 2009, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, John Wiley Sons, London. Kerzner, H 2004, Advanced Project Management: Best Practices on Implementation, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Rogers, J, Simmons, E, Convery, I Weatherall, A 2008, ‘Public perception of opportunities for community-based renewable energy project s’, Energy Policy, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 4217-4226. Solangi, K, Islam, M, Saidur, R, Rahim, N Fayaz, H 2011, ‘A review on global solar energy policy’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.15, no. 4, pp. 2149-2163. Vine, E 2005, ‘An international survey of the energy service company (ESCO) industry’, Energy Policy, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 691-704. White, D Fortune, J 2002, ‘Current practice in project management- an empirical study’, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-11. Wustenhagen, R, Wolsink, M Burer, M 2007, ‘Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: an introduction to the concept’, Energy Policy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 2683-2691. This proposal on Solar Energy Installation Project Management was written and submitted by user Qu1nt1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Progresssion of transition of handwritten essays to computer essays

Progresssion of transition of handwritten essays to computer essays Sending prescription information electronically and via the Internet has become common practice with some doctors and pharmacies. In recent years more and more health care facilities are choosing this method for many different reasons. The practice of writing prescriptions and sending them electronically was first introduced by Walgreens in 1992 when it wrote the original Pre-Scribe software for IBM-compatible computers. It allowed doctors to dial into a central Walgreens database, which would route the prescription information to a specific Walgreens pharmacy. Other pharmacies and doctors have since begun using similar systems that have been developed and are continually being developed and updated. Some doctors and pharmacists prefer filling prescriptions that have first been entered into a computer for many reasons. Sending prescriptions by computer reduces the rate of error in filling the prescription. Many doctors handwriting is difficult to read. By entering the information for a prescription into a computer, the pharmacist knows exactly what the doctor wants for the patient, which saves time for both the doctor and the pharmacist. Patient information, such as name, medical record number, age and weight can also be included with the computer-generated prescriptions, further reducing the chance for errors. Many doctors and pharmacists must still use hand-written prescriptions because of the difficulty in creating a program that can be integrated with the different software programs used by doctors and pharmacists. Doctors do not want their computers to have to call into several different pharmacies to send several different prescriptions, rather they would prefer a central switching service to connect doctors with all the pharmacists in their area. The switching service would then send the prescription to the appropriate pharmacy. Other health care professionals are unclear of the eco ...