Hantavirus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hantavirus - Essay Example The N protein that introduces the virus into the cytoplasm of the healthy human cell (Mir, 2010). The N protein of the virus associates itself with the L protein of the human host and produce â€Å"capped primers† or nucleocapsids, which can initiate transcription of the viral mRNAs upon invasion of the healthy human cell. Meanwhile, the glycoproteins G1 and G2 are transported to the Golgi bodies from the ER. Once the nucleocapsids interact with the glycoproteins, hantavirions are formed and are released out of the cell through exocytosis (â€Å"Virology,† CDC, 2011). Once the virions are out of the plasma membrane, the symptoms of HFRS or HPS begin showing. The replication of the hantavirus occurs in the macrophages and vascular endothelial cells of the human lungs and kidneys (Muranyi et al., 2005). However, symptoms do not show until the replication process of a particular number of virions are finished and until these virions are released out of the plasma membrane to infect other cells. The endothelial cells of the lungs and kidneys are the main target cells of the virus. The endothelial cells are responsible for various physiologic functions of the body such as the regulation of edema, vascular repair and gas exchange (Mackow & Gavrilovskaya, 2009). Therefore, it simply follows that someone who is infected with hantavirus will have problems with these physiologic functions. The young man in the case study exhibited shortness of breath and labored and rapid breathing because the hantavirus has already invaded the endothelial cells of his lungs, which are responsible for gas exchange. Thus, the physiological ability of his lungs to handle gas exchange is impaired. According to Mir (2010), the hantavirus also infects mature and immature dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are actually responsible for capturing antigens and inducing a primary immune response among T lymphocytes (Wieder, 2003). However, the hantavirus uses

Discuss the view that the differences between the German and Japanese Essay

Discuss the view that the differences between the German and Japanese economic institutions are so great that they cannot be viewed as being part of the same family of economies - Essay Example Since these companies do not need to operate in a government controlled environment, they have an access to an educated and trained labour force (Noel, 2004, p. 3; Pavitt, 1999, p. 5). The economies of Germany and Japan are two major examples of coordinated market economies (CMEs) in the world. Unlike the situation in United States and United Kingdom, these nations do not implement high-end regulations in their bank structure primarily due to the informal structure of organisation. However, despite the integral business environment being the same, many-a-times it is difficult to conceive them as part of the same group due to the diverse nature of their economies. The present paper takes up the issue and tries to figure out the extent to which the German and Japanese economic institutions differ from each other. Corporate governance in economic institutions located at Japan and Germany are almost similar to each other. Institutions in these nations are characterised by senior managers sitting at the head of the power unlike in case of liberal market economies, where the culture of corporate governance is seldom found. The shareholders are the ultimate owners of the organisations, although no corporate board structure is present in them. Though the strategies which these nations abide by have rendered them to a position much behind that of USA, the financial institutions of the former nations are believed to be fast picking up with those indigenous to the latter (Baums, Buxbaum & Hopt, 1994). Corporate governance in these nations is strengthened more due to the emphasis that company goodwill is being paid rather than in case of liberal market economies like the USA where people are more concerned about the final pay-off only (Jackson, 2005). Germany had been a capitalist at its heart at the time of unification. It had been one of the most popular of