International Relations and Postmodernism Essay

International Relations and Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "Postmodernism and Poststructuralist" discusses international relations and postmodernism. Post modernists believe that the previous theorists in this field are traditional and that a new conception of ideas in the field has to be embraced, if the theme has to achieve a form of reality. In the research conducted by Edkins, he indicates that the field cannot be based on theoretical factors that do not have tangible evidence and explanations of aspects that lead to making mere assumptions. In practical view points, assumptions must be intertwined by evidence, a vital aspect by of post modernists. It is vindicated to argue that, post modernists endeavour to merge the ideas of the previous liberalists and realists and come up with a workable solution on the basics of International Relations. This essay shall aim at highlighting the opinions and suggestions of the post modernists and the aspects that have created a lot of antagonism between them and the conventional theorists wh o have dominated the IR field for decades. In the research conducted by Jarvis, the concept of postmodernism in the field of International Relations will indeed cause a lot of hostility from the fact that this era of analysts and researchers are not bound by the theories, but will be quick to critique all forms of concepts and assumptions that have been previously made by theorists. Jones indicates that, in the quest to bring out their view points, the postmodernists have constantly evaded the aspects of realism.

Hitler Was a Weak Dictator Essay Example for Free

Hitler Was a Weak Dictator Essay How far do you agree with the view that in the years 1933-39, Hitler was a weak dictator? Hitler has been categorised as a weak and a strong dictator by structuralist and intentionalist historians respectively, intentionalist for the importance of Hitler, and structuralist for the importance of those around him. Timothy Mason, a British Marxist historian, is an example of a structuralist historian, believing that Hitler was heavily reliant on those around and supporting him. There is also Ian Kershaw, who believed in the ‘Working towards the Fuhrer’ ideology, where Hitler exploited the attitudes of the German people in an attempt to have them work towards him. Timothy Mason, a British Marxist historian was certainly believed that Hitler was a weak dictator, in agreement to the question. Hitler was meant to be an all-powerful Fuhrer, being the only person who really knows what Germany and Germans want and need, yet he as Mason describes, â€Å"†¦had a preference for creating new organs of state to carry out specific projects.† If Hitler had been an all-powerful Fuhrer, he would not have required new organs to help him carry out tasks, he would have just been able to dictate and organise everything himself. This was shown in the massacre of the Night of the Long Knives This shows that Hitler in fact was a weak dictator, who did not have control over everything that happened in Nazi Germany, and he needed the support of the Nazi backroom to help him run the country. Mason also described, in about how Hitler would give jobs to other people to carry out. He realised that he wasn’t cut out to be leading certain jobs, and therefore he chose, ‘the right man for the job’. This is no more apparent than in the appointment of Goebbels as Propaganda Minister. Hitler wanted someone better than himself to arrange the propaganda appearances and meetings for himself, and Goebbels was clearly the best man for the job, as shown by his arrangement of the Night of the Long Knives in 1933, a highly successful propaganda campaign. Hitler was not capable of doing such things himself, proving that he is a weak dictator, by leaving jobs to others. Hitler was a dictator entirely dependent on his reputation, and therefore was indecisive when it came to making decisions, as Feuchtwanger describes, ‘Hitler often refused to take decisions, especially when a decision might damage his popularity†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It was well known that Hitler’s popularity paved the way for his success, as was shown in results in General elections. However, a strong dictator would not have to worry about the decisions they made, because whilst popularity would have been a cause for concern, their position would have been so secure that worrying would not be an issue, however, in this case where Hitler is clearly agitated and worried over the support he is receiving, it shows that his position as dictator is not as strong as it could be. Kershaw writes about the central role of Hitler to the running of Germany and the Nazi system. He was the, ‘†¦focal point of the Nazi system of rule.’ Every dictator needs to be the focal point of whatever Government they are the head of, and therefore Hitler’s proving of being the front focus of Nazi rule, shows how strong a dictator he was. He was the focal point and face of every Nazi policy, such as the Decree for the protection of People and State. Hitler used communists as an excuse for bringing in new laws and he was central to the policy making and was the face of the new policy. Werner Wilkins was a State Secretary in Germany during the Nazi regime, and he felt that Hitler was neither a weak or strong dictator, but that Germany was in fact Working towards the Fuhrer. This would mean that Hitler was not necessarily important in the running of everyday politics, such as a normal dictator, but he would however let people interpret his policies how they wish. This would not lead to a weak or strong dictator theory, but a society where everyone was working towards the Fuhrer’s will. Werner says how, â€Å"†¦everyone worth a post in the new Germany has worked best when he has, so to speak, working towards the Fuhrer.† This means that everyone in the country no matter what Hitler did was working towards his will, as it is believed he is the only one who knew what Germans truly wanted. In conclusion, Hitler was seen to be a weak dictator, as he was very afraid from the real threat created by losing his popularity, which would have turned the people against him, and whilst he had still not consolidated power fully, particularly at the start of the period, he was always under the threat of being thrown out of power again. Because of this, he had to curb some of his will and policies, and any threat to his popularity was handed over to someone else, whose loss in popularity would not have affected Hitler’s personal rule.

Attitudes Towards the War in Regeneration and All Quiet on the Western

"...no nation is rich enough to pay for both war and civilization. We must make our choice; we cannot have both." -- Abraham Flexner "Regeneration" is an anti-war novel, reflecting the issues and the concerns in wartime Britain. "All Quiet on the Western Front" is also an influential anti-war novel and an important chronicle of World War 1. Both are historical fiction set near the end of the war, 1917-1918. The two texts explore similar themes in condemning the war. Remarque’s novel (All Quiet on the Western Front) is a profound statement against war, focusing especially on the ravaging effects of war on the humanity of soldiers. Similarly, Barker (author of Regeneration) offers realistic detail of many abominable war scenes, dwelling upon the destruction that war wreaks upon men’s minds. These details comprise a large portion of the novel. In All Quiet on the Western Front, through the narrative of Paul BÃ ¤umer, a young German soldier, there are constant attacks on the romantic ideals of warfare. The novel dramatizes the disjunction between high minded rhetoric about patriotism and honour, and the actual horror of trench warfare. Remarque continually stresses that the soldiers are not fighting with the abstract ideals of patriotic spirit in mind; they are fighting for their survival. Nothing in this novel makes the actual experience of war look attractive. The overriding theme of All Quiet on the Western Front is the terrible brutality of war, which informs every scene in the novel. It sets out to portray war as it was actually experienced, replacing romanticized versions in preceding novels, with a decidedly unromantic vision of fear, meaninglessness, and butchery. World War 1 completely alter... ... large concepts of duty, sanity, and war. Barker, with her insightful and direct writing style, succeeds in presenting a microcosm of madness that prevails during war. Regeneration recounts many vivid war scenes, and without drawing conclusions, effectively instils a feeling of vexation against the war into the reader. In presenting his grimly realistic version of a soldier’s experience, Remarque strips away the typical romanticism of war narrative in All Quiet on the Western Front, providing an unrelenting portrayal of carnage and gore. It is a novel of social protest; totally rejecting the war and nationalistic policies; and in doing so, successfully depicts the many horrors of World War 1. Works Cited Barker, Pat. Regeneration. New York: Plume, 2003. Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York: Ballantine Books, 1984.

Traffic Jam In Jakarta

Jakarta’s traffic has always been a big problem for the government. Every morning Jakarta has been always and always enjoyed with the name stuck. Well, indeed, what can we do, as the center of the capital which will never slept through the night to come pick. Traffic jams are everywhere in Jakarta. It is hard for people in Jakarta and in its suburbs like Tangerang, Bekasi, Depok, and Bogor to move around. It takes too long than it should be to get to one place from another. The most significant causes of the problem lay on some factors. One of the causes is the number of vehicles in Jakarta.There are too many buses, cars, motorcycles, and any other kinds of public transportation in the streets. no longer wonder, when rain flooded and jammed into one hell feels like a home for all the work. Not just one or two hours, private car users can be up to 3 hours not moving. If we talk to dealing with this beautiful country, government is not honored will be no end. A little opinion on our system of government from the beginning until now. I think the bottleneck can be overcome by the reduction of private vehicles. Yes indeed, almost every head of the family has a personal vehicle. But all of this can we reduce the government a lot of money, funds allocation and so on.Make public transport comfortable, safe, plentiful, easy to reach, etc. With this people will switch to not use private vehicles. Why use a private vehicle anyway no public transport is safe, comfortable. Once people’s minds when they developed public facilities. It would certainly reduce the number of vehicles. Reduce pollution as well right? how do you cope with traffic, public transportation in Indonesia now just become a tool for criminals to rape, robbery, sexual abuse and many more. No wonder if the interest in public transport is less than private vehicles.If indeed there are many cases like this, remove the serious legal, proper and in accordance with the actors do. If public transpor t is made more secure, convenient, effective, would jam a little loose. At least the volume of vehicles is reduced because they prefer public transportation. It’s just not regularly public transport, indiscriminate parking, driving like crazy, especially away from the comfortable security. So, my opinion still haunts Jakarta traffic jam to us before public transport facilities could be improved and the system works. Provide safe and convenient  facilities, cheap price reach and act decisively on the laws, give severe punishment, retribution to the perpetrators of crime on public transport.With this, it might be a little to reduce traffic jam in Jakarta. Actually the government of DKI Jakarta has also think about the traffic jam problem and they come out with PRODASIH (clean air program). One of the example is â€Å"three in one† which means there should be three people or more in one car, but in the reality lots of the car owner use jockey to avoid the regulation. So it comes back to the people of Jakarta consciousness to make the traffic in Jakarta more enjoyable. If they can not do this then may be in the next year there will be all traffic jam in the street of Jakarta that make the people harder to go through even to go out of their home.I realize that now the traffic jam seems to be more crowded and long. Even in the place where usually never been any traffic jam now there is a jam and it is quite long and heavy. Maybe the government can be stricter about the regulation that they have already made. And I suggest to the government if the want to build street infrastructure such as the busway for Trans Jakarta they should make a better planning in it. Because what I see now is that they make it all in one time which make all the street suffering worse in traffic jam because all the street are under construction.Can’t you make it just one by one Mr.Goverment? because if you make it one by one it will be easier for others to find alterna tive way in order to avoid the street construction. To conclude, the city government must do the research in order to find the solution for these problems and build more facilities like highways and streets. Creating and implementing strict regulation for the traffic systems can also solve the problem.

Spel Case

After killing the friend who was left with the shortest straw, the remaining plunders are rescued a couple weeks later and shared their story with their community. The friends are soon met with charges of homicide and disapproval from the public for their lack of moral awareness. This essay will argue that murder is Justifiable when the reality of grim conditions exists. Consequences from such an action do not come to mind when decisions are based solely on emotions and not made with morals and ethical obligations set by society.The spelunkers depended on the murder of one of their friends in order to survive. In a normal situation, these friends would never purposely hurt, let alone ill, one another. The Intent of the person killing Is something to consider. When confronted with the dilemma of having Limited resources, killing each other was the only option for food. The special circumstance these friends were faced with, led too violent act of survival. The spelunkers waited a week after being trapped before normally commit, but cannibalism is something they would not practice either.The thought of eating human flesh to the average person is not desirable. But when put in extenuating circumstances, the reasonable person would do anything in order to live. The immense amount of pressure the friends experienced in making this decision was heightened by the hunger in their bellies and the fear in their hearts. Still, aggression and violence is usually associated with murder. That is not the case in this situation. There was no plan to purposefully and maliciously kill one of their friends before they were trapped.Death was the inevitable future of the four friends and the act of killing the randomly chosen friend brought that reality forward. The system that the spelunkers chose in picking who would die for the greater good of the group was a fair method. One person was not singled out to be killed for any other reason besides having the shortest straw and to be the emergency food source. This is validates that killing one of their friends was only to increase their chances of living. Murder, even though a drastic measure to survive, was absolutely necessary due to the reality of their dire situation.Once the spelunkers were caved in, the reality of their fate was sealed and the probability of surviving this disastrous event was unlikely. The friends had no idea that a trip full of adventure and fun would lead to such a tragic decision. When the subject of reality comes up, the idea of life and existence follows. Human beings have instincts that help them adapt and thrive in unfortunate mishaps. When lives are threatened or challenged, the truth is, people will do anything in their power to save themselves. The case of the spelunkers is no different.Even though the idea of having to kill and eat their friend is unwelcome, it was the best option for survival. There are some things in life that are uncontrollable and the natural occurrence o f a cave-in is Just that. The spelunkers had no connection to the outside world and the session to kill and eat another human was made in the security of their own world, away from the rules of society. Though unintentional, the reality of the spelunkers' situation led to an irreversible decision, in which the consequences were an afterthought.Consequences usually have a negative connotation associated with them. The dire circumstances in which the friends were in, led them to make choices in order to survive. The repercussions the three friends would face were an afterthought in light of trying to survive. In the moment of making the decision to kill another human eyeing, the last thing on their minds was what people would think of them afterwards. They were simply trying to live. Instead of being regarded as brave and courageous in the eye of death, the remaining spelunkers were shamed and ostracizes from society for killing their friend.To be snubbed by the community where one li ves is very difficult to process, especially after the ordeal they Just went through. Then to be categorized as murderers and charged with homicide is unfair. The rules of law should not apply to special circumstances like the case of the spelunkers. If the here friends had not killed their friend and ate him, they would not be alive to tell their story. The consequences of being shunned by the community and being charged with murder, though unanticipated, undoubtedly stirred up emotions of guilt and shame for doing what they needed to do in order to survive. Tit feelings such as fear, despair, or hopelessness, the human mind can make decisions it would not normally. The spelunkers went through a spectrum of emotions before and after the killing of their friend. Being presented with such a calamitous situation, such as being trapped in a cave, can induce a state of panic and anxiety. As much as the four friends wanted to stay calm and wait patiently for help, the idea of dying was t oo frightening. The simple fear of not being able to survive due to limited resources prompted the idea of drawing straws.After the straws were drawn, reality set in that one of them would be eaten. And for the three friends to not feel remorse or guilt after killing their friend was nearly impossible. This act was not an easy one and the remorse and guilt will not go away. Without the sacrifice of the friend who died, none of the men would be alive. The friends are grateful and appreciative for their friend's sacrifice for them to live, yet sad and remorseful that their situation led them to that conclusion.Since the spelunkers were faced with fear they may not live, they acted with their emotions instead of the morals they would have normally abided by in everyday life. Having morals helps people chose from right and wrong doings. For the most part, the majority of humans would not result to violence or murder in a normal, everyday circumstance. There must be a catalyst for such b ehavior. In the case of the spelunkers, their feelings superseded moral consideration based on the fear of death. The emotionally charged spelunkers thought with their hearts and not with their minds.So is the difference between emotions and morals. The friendships that the four men shared were strong and the loyalty they had to one another was proven by the participation in drawing straws. This moral dilemma was the ultimate test of the bond the friends shared. The three friends should not be held responsible for murder based on their limited options of survival. The men's' morals did not come into consideration when trying to fight to stay alive. Though the decision to kill their friend for the benefit of the group's survival is questionable, the spelunkers should not be charged with homicide.Killing someone under any other circumstance is a plausible reason to arrest and charge someone of murder. But the reality of the situation is, if the spelunkers had enough resources and if e motions such as fear for survival did not exist, murder would not have occurred because their morals would tell them that the consequences for such action, such as the absence of their friend, being charged for murder, and being ostracizes, was not worth it. The truth is, the spelunkers had no other choice but to omit this powerful act if they wanted to stay alive.And, if they had not killed their friend, four people would be dead instead of Just one person. Every day, people are faced with moral dilemmas and controversial subject matters. Those people are no different than the spelunkers. Although the circumstances surrounding this controversy are not a normal, fear can drive people to do things they would not typically do. If the roles were reverse and if anyone else were in the place of the spelunkers, it would be a challenge for people to accept death without trying everything they could to survive.

Chicago Referencing †Repeat Citations - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

Chicago Referencing – Repeat Citations Chicago Referencing – Repeat Citations If you have a useful source text, you’ll often want to cite it more than once in your work. But the Chicago Manual of Style has specific rules for doing this, so you need to how it works! Here, then, is our guide to repeat citations in Chicago style referencing. Consecutive Repeat Citations In Chicago footnote referencing, when you cite the same source twice in a row, you can use the Latin abbreviation â€Å"ibid.† This literally translates as â€Å"in the same place.† If you are citing exactly the same page as before, you can use â€Å"ibid.† by itself. If you are citing a different part of the text, you should give the new page number(s), too. For instance: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid., 102. Here, page 13 of Alan C. Jenkins’ Wildlife in the City is cited in footnotes 1 and 2, while page 102 is cited in footnote 3. This saves us from writing out the full source information each time. Non-Consecutive Repeat Citations What, though, do you do when you need to repeat a citation after you’ve cited another source? In this case, Chicago referencing uses a shortened footnote style. These shortened footnotes should include: The author’s surname The page(s) cited Non-consecutive citations of the same source would therefore look like this: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Esther Woolfson, Corvus: A Life with Birds (London: Granta Publications, 2008), 234. 3. Jenkins, 102. If you have more than one source by the same author, however, you should also include a shortened version of the title. This will ensure the reader knows which source you’re citing. For instance: 1. Alan C. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City: Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Insects and Plants in an Urban Landscape (London: Holt Company, 1983), 13. 2. Esther Woolfson, Corvus: A Life with Birds (London: Granta Publications, 2008), 234. 3. Alan C. Jenkins, Introducing Cats (London: Spring Books, 1958), 24. 4. Jenkins, Wildlife in the City, 102. In this case, footnotes 1 and 4 point to the same source, while footnote 3 is another source by Jenkins. Author–Date Citations Chicago referencing also has an author–date system, which uses in-text citations. To reference the same source more than once in this, all you have to do is give the same citation again: Alan Jenkins (1983) describes how birds of prey survive in urban settings. He says that peregrine falcons are a â€Å"spectacular example of adaptive behavior† (Jenkins 1983, 13). All you need to do with repeat author–date citations, then, is make sure they are consistent!

heavy metal and gender essays

heavy metal and gender essays Year/Major: 3rd Year. Film, TV, and Media Studies. Question: Choose one popular music genre and analyze with respect to race, gender OR class. Analysis Of Heavy Metal With Respect To Gender. Heavy Metal music usually include impressive technical feats on the electric guitar, counter posed with an experience of power and control that is built up through vocal, guitar power chords, distortion, and sheer volume of drums. Also Visually, metal musicians typically appear as males, leaping about the stage, leather clothing punctuating their performances with phallic thrusts of guitars and microphone stands. Heavy metal is, a discourse shaped by patriarchy. Circulating in context of Western society, for much of its history metal has been appreciated and supported primarily by a male teenage audience. This is a group lacking in social, physical, and economical power but besieged by cultural messages promoting such forms of power, insisting on them as masculinity. The purpose of a genre is to reproduce a particular ideology, and the aim of heavy metal until mid 1980s was for young white male performers and fans to hear and believe in certain stories about the nature of masculinity. However these representations can never be definitive and they are always open to transformation and changing figures. Since social circumstances may change so that particular forms of culture are no longer related to an individual. For example metal fans as they get older may gain some amount of economical power, or they may find children who replace them at the bottom of social or physical power. Also we have seen a great increase in number female fans, since around 1987, concert audiences for metal shows have been roughly gender balanced . In my discussion I will try to explain why metal has been dominated by male musicians and fans, also why there was a big increase in the number of female fans. I will be framing heavy metal songs and videos in terms ...

5 Steps to Choosing the Right Medical Career Path

5 Steps to Choosing the Right Medical Career Path Whether you’re a biochem whiz, or just a Grey’s Anatomy addict, you’ve decided that the medical field is for you. You want to save lives, or hold hands and mop brows, or make a difference. Or maybe you just want to make more money, and have noticed that the medical professions tend to be well-paid. That’s great. But what if you don’t know any more than that? Where to next?Here are 5 steps to figuring out which medical career to choose, and in which direction to push yourself in your drive forward toward success.1. Choose your adventureWhatever your motivation, dig a little deeper and make sure you know exactly what it entails. Then orient yourself accordingly. Are you more of a people (read: patients) person? Or a lab rat? Do you want to do the nitty-gritty day-to-day aide of the ailing? Or would you rather assist a surgeon? Or would you like to be more hands on and try working in PT or occupational therapy? Figure out what skills and tastes you hav e, then figure out which field within the medical family suits those best. Then make sure you’re aware of any training or schooling you’d require for that field, and whether or not you’re willing to acquire it.2. SpecializeWould you prefer to be in hospital or clinic? A doctor’s office or an urgent care? Do you want to be around children, the elderly, expecting mothers? Or a couple hundred beakers and test tubes? Figure out your ideal work environment, then start looking for positions within those.3.  Pick an ideal roleWithin that work environment, what’s your ideal role? Do you want to be a leader? A team member? An assistant? Would you rather do administrative duties? Or patient care? Consider what is most appropriate for you, your skills and talents, your knowledge, the level of education you’re likely to attain, and of course, your temperament. (Don’t decide to be a trauma surgeon if stress makes you faint. And don’t pick a desk job in health records if you get easily bored.)4. Get the skillsOnce you’ve narrowed down a field, a work environment, and role, make sure you have a good grasp on the skills and experience required. If you don’t have any of them, or you need to pursue certifications or degrees, get started as soon as you can. You’ll never have a shot at the jobs you want unless you work to be qualified enough to land them.5. Study hardNo matter what path you’ve chosen, you’re probably going to need some additional school. Do similar soul-searching when choosing a program that’s best for you. Then study hard, keep your eye on the prize, and remember: now that you’ve done all this preparation and self-interrogation, you can be confident in your choice. This is the career you want. Go get it.

The Nursing Process Discipline Theory Dissertation

The Nursing Process Discipline Theory - Dissertation Example As such, nurses need to put in place different reminder systems, as well as the implementation of infection control programs in order to be in the best position to decrease effectively all forms of catheter-associated UTIs (Elphern, 2009). This is despite the challenging aspect of their introduction into the treatment program or the patient care plan. Therefore, in order to achieve all this, the nurses have to rely on the Nursing Process Discipline Theory as suggested by Orlando in order to undertake their respective duties effectively. Orlando’s Nursing Process Discipline Theory states that the role of a nurse is o find out the immediate needs of a patient and help him or her. For instance, the presenting behavior of the patient can be a cry for help. Nevertheless, the assistance that a patient needs might not necessarily be what he exactly wants or desires. As such, this requires nurses to make use of their personal perceptions, their thoughts about these perceptions, as well as their feelings possibly engendered from their thoughts in an exploration of the meaning of each patient’s behavior. This will inevitably assist the nurse to discern the nature of distress of a given patient, thereby being in a better position to provide the patient with the much-needed assistance. According to Elphern (2009), this theory applies to the prevention and management of Catheter-Associated UTIs because it enables nurses to act professionally at all times. This is because they have to prevent an infection from occurring, and as such, have to study the patient at all times and be there at their times of need. The best way to prevent such infections is to avoid any unnecessary catheterization, or removing catheters as soon as possible. Since nurses are well aware of this procedure, they will advise patients appropriately for them to avoid catheterization where possible. In addition, these nurses will also monitor keenly the patients fitted with catheters on a daily basis to determine when is best to remove or change the catheter at the soonest possible

Watch film and then write the critical views of the film Essay

Watch film and then write the critical views of the film - Essay Example The Future of Food tends to explain in a systematic and organized manner as to how the much praised Green Revolution had a debilitating influence on the small farmers and how it benefitted the large corporations. The objective of the Green Revolution was to facilitate a massive increase in the overall production of crops in the poor or developing nations by promoting an extensive use of high yielding varieties of crops, chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers (Belasco 116). The basic objective of Green Revolution was to make way for a larger production of food crops that could help the poor nations deal with the long pending issues like hunger and mal-nutrition. However, it is sad to say that though Green Revolution did help the developing nations to some extent, yet the economics of Green Revolution was primarily hijacked by the big multinational pesticide and fertilizer producers. The high yield varieties of crops were so modified that they worked only when treated with spec ific fertilizers and pesticides (Belasco 116). Thereby, this approach towards Green Revolution eventually ended up filling the coffers of large multinational corporations dealing in pesticides and fertilizers. However, it will be true to say that The Future of Food was very constrained about how Green Revolution did benefit large number of hungry and mal-nourished people around the world. The other ironic revelation extended by The Future of Food is that going by the fact that the economics of Green Revolution was skewed in favor of powerful multinational corporations and rich farmers, it negatively impacted the small framers the world over and diluted their role in the larger food economics (Belasco 116). Though, industrial farming aimed to produce massive quantities of crops, on a large scale by resorting to the usage of modern technology and by influencing the economics and politics of food at an international level, yet, actually speaking

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods to estimate Research Paper

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods to estimate uncollectible receivables - Research Paper Example However, the disadvantage of such method is that it does not consider customers and their past trend for paying off their debts. It may be possible that in previous years, 20% of the receivable would have been uncollectible because customers were not trustworthy. However, this assumption may not be correct for the current year customers. In such a case, the percentage should also be revised accordingly. Another demerit of this method is that it applies to all of the company’s sales, which may include cash transactions also. It must be noted that uncollectible amounts are only against receivables (Barry, Ralph and Steven). It requires time to calculate uncollectible receivables by this method as bifurcation between cash and credit sales is difficult especially when the volume of transaction is high (Barry, Ralph and Steven). In this method, the collectibles are first analyzed as per their period. Such receivables may be classified as 15 days past due, 30 days past due, etc. Estimates are then made for debts beyond one year or other such criteria (Belverd and Marian). This aging helps to ascertain the will and financial health of the customer for paying off the debt. Another advantage of such aging method is that it helps to prioritize the efforts of recovery for individual debts based on the due days. More aged items are given more priority for recovery (Belverd and Marian). Disadvantage of such method is that it estimates those receivables to be uncollectible which may be received after certain time. It may be possible that the customer was willing to pay the amount, but he was unable to do that due to any reason such as liquidity crisis. Subsequently, customer may pay that amount which was expensed out as bad debt (Belverd and Marian). In this method, different classes of aging are applied different percentages for estimating the bad debts. For example, by applying 10%, 20% and 50% to 6 months, 9 months and 12 months old

Race, Gender & Ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Race, Gender & Ethnicity - Essay Example This information can be useful to several interest groups and it is easily understandable even for laymen. In total there have been â€Å"1226† executions in the last 35 years, which make the yearly average to 35 (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). The data indicates that in the 70s and 80s death sentences were very few. It has registered an increase from mid 90s and the bar chart allows an easy and clear interpretation of the data. After showing a decreasing trend for several years, it increased from 37 in 2008 to 52 in 2009 and fell to 38 in 2010. Thus, it will suggest that death punishment does not act as an effective deterrent. The site presents the data in an easily discernible manner so that users can easily understand it. The article offers data on the executed persons’ race that of the victims in the cases of death penalty. â€Å"687† or â€Å"56%† are Whites, Blacks constitute â€Å"424† or â€Å"35%† while â€Å"91† or â€Å"7%† are Hispanics and â€Å"24† or â€Å"2%† are from other categories (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). Whites constitute of the victims with â€Å"76%† and Blacks are second with â€Å"15%† while Hispanics and others comprise â€Å"6%† and â€Å"3%† respectively (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). These details provide the users with a clear idea of the racial orientation of the death penalties. The article further mentions about the discrimination in 96% states, based on the â€Å"pattern of either race-of-victim or race-of-defendant† and finds, based on research evidence that â€Å"98% of chief district attorneys† are Whites (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). This information, again, enables the users to understand the influence that race can exercise in the death penalty cases. The article also finds that since the year 1973, â€Å"130 people,† whose innocence has been proved, â€Å"have

TECHNIQUES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SOFTWARE PIRACY Essay

TECHNIQUES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SOFTWARE PIRACY - Essay Example You need to add a specific section on Scope (break Aim and Scope into 2 distinct sections – Aim and Objectives, and Scope). Aim and Objectives must have a specific Aim and then Objectives to achieve the Aim. Scope should include that you are only considering; 1 YOU NEED TO WORK ON THIS1. Section 2.1-> You state that both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to deduce the facts. Firstly this section states how the work is to be done so you should change the tense of everything in this section to read ‘are to be employed’. Secondly you need to explain more specifically which methods you employed fall into these categories. 3 OK2. Section 2.2. -> You must add some critical assessment of techniques. Currently only good points selected for web and email. Comparison and contrast required. What other techniques are available and why did you choose email against them. What are the potential limitations of email? 1 4. Section 2.4. -> You should rethink validation of the framework. How are you going to test the basis of the framework? For example, you identify factors from literature, but are all the relevant factors currently included? 1 OKa. You state that ‘This research to analyse the various types of software piracy that are briefed above †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Where is this analysis in the work? Either reword this sentence or add the analysis. 1 OKa. Cost towards bottom of page. Is this per seat or development costs? You need to provide a better discussion of cost and understand the specific types of cost which might be incurred. Cost is too broad a heading. 1 a. Time Limitation -> this is not a technology but a feature. Many of the technologies can include this feature. This should be discussed as a potential feature and then the technologies reviewed against the feature i.e. can they support it? This will also require changes to the framework. 2 YOU NEED TO WORK ON THISb. Each choice node requires some discussion,

Race, Gender & Ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Race, Gender & Ethnicity - Essay Example This information can be useful to several interest groups and it is easily understandable even for laymen. In total there have been â€Å"1226† executions in the last 35 years, which make the yearly average to 35 (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). The data indicates that in the 70s and 80s death sentences were very few. It has registered an increase from mid 90s and the bar chart allows an easy and clear interpretation of the data. After showing a decreasing trend for several years, it increased from 37 in 2008 to 52 in 2009 and fell to 38 in 2010. Thus, it will suggest that death punishment does not act as an effective deterrent. The site presents the data in an easily discernible manner so that users can easily understand it. The article offers data on the executed persons’ race that of the victims in the cases of death penalty. â€Å"687† or â€Å"56%† are Whites, Blacks constitute â€Å"424† or â€Å"35%† while â€Å"91† or â€Å"7%† are Hispanics and â€Å"24† or â€Å"2%† are from other categories (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). Whites constitute of the victims with â€Å"76%† and Blacks are second with â€Å"15%† while Hispanics and others comprise â€Å"6%† and â€Å"3%† respectively (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). These details provide the users with a clear idea of the racial orientation of the death penalties. The article further mentions about the discrimination in 96% states, based on the â€Å"pattern of either race-of-victim or race-of-defendant† and finds, based on research evidence that â€Å"98% of chief district attorneys† are Whites (Facts about the Death Penalty, 2010). This information, again, enables the users to understand the influence that race can exercise in the death penalty cases. The article also finds that since the year 1973, â€Å"130 people,† whose innocence has been proved, â€Å"have

Information Systems (Word Processing Assignment) Essay

Information Systems (Word Processing Assignment) - Essay Example Served with potato chips or substitute Safari fries for $1.49 Add a House salad or cup of soup for $4.99 - $10.99 Blue Mountain Chicken Sandwich - Tender grilled chicken breast, Cajun seasoned and topped with bacon, Swiss cheese, roasted red peppers and leaf lettuce. Served on a toasted bun with spicy Safari sauce and coleslaw. Add a House Salad or cup of soup for $4.99. - $12.99 Buffalo Fried Chicken Salad - Golden fried chicken tenders atop crisp greens, red cabbage, tomatoes, and carrots, in a chunky Blue cheese dressing. Garnished with crumbled Blue cheese and Buffalo sauce. - $13.99 Caribbean Coconut Shrimp - Tender shrimp rolled in fresh coconut and fried to a golden brown, served with sweet mango sauce, Caribbean rice and Napa veggies. Add a House salad or cup of soup for $4.99 - $18.99 Chicken Fried Chicken - Breaded chicken breast, lightly fried golden brown topped with country gravy and Napa vegetables. Served with red-skinned garlic mashed potatoes and Napa vegetables. Add a House salad or cup of soup for $4.99 - $16.99 Sparkling Volcano - Enough for 2 or more people! Giant rich chocolate brownie cake stacked up high, served warm with vanilla ice cream, fresh whipped cream, and topped with caramel and chocolate sauces. - $14.99 Selection of Beverages - Coke, Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, Sprite, Root Beer, Raspberry Iced Tea, Iced Tea, Hot Tea, Milk, Coffee, Natural Still or Sparkling Water, Lemonade, and Cranberry, Pineapple, or Orange juice. Prices

My Life Essay Example for Free

My Life Essay Everyone seems to ask themselves what do they really want from their life? What are we all really striving for? While people should ask themselves what can they do to help others? When a person helps other they meet their physical and emotion need. Helping others also brings compassion and compassion equals a better society. From a person coming from a rich family they have more opportunities open to them to achieve what they want. While a person from a poor family doesnt have the easy life compared to the person from the rich family. A person coming from a poor family has to go through more obstacles, and struggles to achieve what they want. When you actually make that goal it feels you up with joy. My father works two jobs and is still struggling to pay the bills. One of my goals is to have a stable career so that neither my mother and father have to worry about paying the bills on time. I would like to be a major league baseball player or a successful entrepreneur in the music business. At the beginning of each goal you will always set unrealistic standards that you slowly but surely can adjust to become realistic. For now, my first major goal in high school is to recive a 3. 5 or higher. With that, good grades are necessary and I would, or rather, I will maintain As, and Bs in all of my classes. I believe with god grades I can accomplish much mre in life and have more opportunities. Followed up by that I would like to of course, graduate high school and set myself ready for whatever comes next in my life. And this would be entering a university of my choice such as Florida state university. I would like to be able to graduate high school with good grades and a high GPA to give me the opportunity to choose what university I would like to attend instead of having to settle for less. With major goals there also comes minor goals. My first minor goal is to be a good student. I would like to actually get along with my teachers and be able to comfortably communicate with them. With respect like if they were any other person. Throughout my years in school I’ve learned that teachers are not only there to teach but their here to help and id very much like to have the opportunity to be helped by people who care and who can help me stay on the right track. My goals are set and I plan on achieve them no matter what because I never give up on a plan that I set myself up and that I know that I will do well in. I Study whenever I get the chance to achieve my goal for a Gpa of 3. 5.  I also train everyday whether I’m at practice or not so I can have an advantage over the other players because I work harder and have more dedication to the sport that I love to play. I’ve dedicated my heart into baseball because I’ve been playing it since I was in elementary school I was raised to never give up on your goal and to fulfill it to the very end. I feel that I am the perfect man for the job and I would be very grateful if you gave me the opportunity to have this job. I am a hard worker I will stay on top of my work and do everything on time and will never slack off.

Heinz Business Strategy

Heinz Business Strategy Heinz Company is a marketer and manufacturer of branded foods in the industry of global food. The company is recognized for its ketchup with a comprehensive presence in condiments, tuna, baby foods, soup and ready meals. Heinz is the US-based global food company, with a world-class portfolio of powerful brands holding no-1 and no-2 market positions in more than 50 countries. The Heinz brand has an estimated value of $20 billion with Heinzs top-15 power brands accounting for two-thirds of annual sales.The company has no-1 or no-2 brands in 200 countries around the world, showcased by Heinz Ketchup. Other brands in the companys portfolio include Classico pasta sauce, Ore-Ida frozen potato products, Heinz weight watchers, Plasmon baby food, and John West tuna. Heinz also uses the famous names Weight Watchers, Boston Market, T.G.I. Fridays, Jack Daniels, and Linda McCartney under license. Due to potential loss in manufacturers brand equity, large public food manufacturers face the greate st threat from the expansion of private retailer brands and the increased power of the retail sector. The H.J. Heinz Company has a long tradition in the US market of being a number one brand, retaining a dominant position in the US and the world market. Ketchup is a case in point. However, as with many large food manufacturers, the growing share of private labels is creating a challenge . In response, rather than relying solely on its long held brand image, Heinz has made a strategic decision to invest heavily in differentiating itself further from private label offerings by improving the quality of its product to attract more quality-conscious consumers, Heinz might easily be viewed as a company with a dominate product-orientation based on its Chairmans statement I am convinced that quality and innovation are the way forward for Heinz. Traill and Grunert (1997) 2-PRODUCT INNOVATION ACTIVITY Much of the innovation has been focus on what is considered core products where it has strong existing competencies and expertise. New product development constitutes an vital part of Heinzs growth strategy. Product introductions are focus on meeting consumers demand for convenience, health, improved taste, and lifestyle changes. The company has made attractive consumer products by offering packaging innovations and the promotion of the health benefits of its existing products. The health dimension is critical factor in its product differentiation strategy for Heinz.There are no of examples of recent product innovations. The company introduced a new range of soups, offering nutritious contents with alternative ingredients with less salt, sugar, and fat particles. Various specialty soups were introduced in the UK, such as Spicy Butternut Squash and Mediterranean Tomato and Bacon. Other examples are the first microwaveable French fries tasting like restaurant fries. This product is a s trong complement to its ketchup. The most successful package innovation in the US was the Heinz Easy Squeeze ketchup designed in an upside down ketchup bottle for faster and less messy dispensing. This packaging was successfully launched in 19 European countries as well as in the US and the Canadian food service. In recent years, the company has also made substantial packaging innovations in other food products with a conversion from traditional cans to more convenient solutions in single-serve microwavable packaging. Traill and Grunert (1997) 3-PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITY Heinz created four imperatives to gain better performance, drive profitable growth, remove the clutter, squeeze out costs, and measure and recognized performance. By removing the clutter, Heinz seeks to remove inefficiencies and reduce complexities of product portfolio and supply chain. The company execute a major restructuring initiative named Streamline aimed at reducing overhead costs. Heinz has also made a series of divestitures in an effort to refocus its business more closely on its core products. The company is focusing on its top 15 power brands, which account for 60 percent of total sales. The squeeze out the cost initiative has mainly concentrate on promotional expenditure as new systems have been execute to better track promotional spending. Through a new global procurement initiative led from World headquarters in Pittsburgh, Heinz is aiming to cut costs in both direct and indirect sourcing activities. Traill and Grunert (1997) MARKETING STRATEGY OF HEINZ COMPANY The company launch its first national foodservice advertising campaign, using the slogan Insist on Heinz. The objective of this advertisement is to attract consumers to insist on Heinz Ketchup, when it is not available in fast food restaurants or other food service establishments. Furthermore, to take full advantage of its strong position in the foodservice market, the company has created Group 57, a culinary expert team that supplies customers with new ideas and support. Heinz invests in consumer education by promoting the health benefits of lycopene in tomatoes. Heinzs advertising expenses have also increased in recent years, mainly due to the launching of a new product, Ore-Ida extra crispy fries in the US. In response to increasing competition, especially from private labels, Heinz introduced a every day low pricing initiative across many product groups. The aim of this initiative is to fight off competition by creating a positive value impression among consumers. Traill and Grun ert (1997) CORPORATE STRATEGY OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUP 1-USING RD AND INTERNATIONAL VENTURES The Fonterra Cooperative Group was formed by the merger of New Zealand Dairy Group, Kiwi Co-operative Dairies and the New Zealand Dairy Board in late 2001. It is owned by its nearly 12,000 dairy farming shareholders. Fonterra has sales of $2.15 billion and is organized in three divisions; New Zealand Milk Products (NZMP), New Zealand Milk, and Fonterra Enterprises. NZMP is the worlds largest dairy ingredients company which focuses on separating milk to its various components and then marketing these components. New Zealand Milk is the business unit manufacturing dairy based consumer and branded food products, while Fonterra Enterprises comprises an innovative venture and growth businesses supporting Fonterras core business activities. Since the merger there have been a number of acquisitions. Fonterra has a 50 percent stake in Australian dairy producer, Bonlac Foods Ltd, and has undertaken the formal merger of both companies consumer products operations in Australia and New Zealand. Other acquisitions and strategic alliances include joint ventures with Nestlà © through Dairy Partners Americas in South and Central America, Dairy Farmers of America with DairiConcepts in the US, Britannia Industries Ltd in India, and Arla Foods in the UK. A handicap of traditional cooperatives is their orientation toward producers and lack of consumer awareness. However, this is changing as cooperatives discover more suitable market-oriented strategies and increasingly operate in global markets. Although capital constraints have been a primary barrier to internationalization, risk aversion is one of the most important factors discouraging the extent of internationalization (Buccola  et al., 2001). The Fonterra Cooperative Group has successfully internationalized, breaking away from most models of traditional cooperatives. Its two distinct businesses structure, specialty ingredients and consumer milk products provides a hedge against fluctuating international dairy prices. Fonterra is a supplier of both consumer product and dairy ingredients. The consumer business, New Zealand Milk, was renamed in 2005 becoming Fonterra Brands. The name change was made to better reflect the companys core brand business. Fonterra is now pursuing a strategy called Winning Through Brands where the Fonterra name and product brand will appear on packaging as an endorsement and its worldwide reputation as a leader in dairy. Fonterra uses its expertise in dairy technology for creating value from milk as both ingredients and consumer dairy products. It is a leader in several country markets for branded consumer products such as milk, cheese, powder milk, butter and yogurt. Fonterra is ranked as the sixth largest dairy company in the world with more than two-thirds of its sales in dairy ingredients, and accounts for more than a third of international trade in dairy (Rabobank International, 2008;  Fonterra, 2007). In addition, Fonterra supplements its New Zealand product s with milk supplies from foreign affiliates to assure a stable supply of products for its customers. 2- FONTERRA PRODUCT INNOVATION ACTIVITY Fonterra views milk with sophistication, seeking to lead the race to develop its nutritional potential by meeting the needs of an increasingly health-conscious world. Science and biology underpins the dairy industry both in on-farm production and in dairy product manufacturing. Biotechnology is the technology that allows Fonterra to modify biological systems, either using natural means or more advanced tools.To develop specialized products, Fonterra uses a health and nutrition team that focus on the unique health benefits of milk-derived bioactives. This team targets specific areas in response to global consumer health concerns namely: immune health, gastrointestinal health, infant nutrition, dermatology, sports health, therapeutics, bone health and animal health. Fonterras concentration on the development of new products to drive growth is evident in both the consumer products and the ingredient business. It established new research and development facilities in 2004 to expand its p otential of new products. Fonterra also established a number of joint research projects with pioneering German vitamin producer BASF. This agreement includes developing dairy-based products for the health ingredients market, and a collaboration to develop customized, instantly-vended convenience foods for a variety of dietary needs, which will be marketed as or point-of-sale individualized foods. 3-FONTERRA PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITY Fonterras management states that operational excellence has to be embedded in our culture[3]. An important part of Fonterras global business operations is procurement of raw milk and gaining access to product markets. Fresh milk products, by their perishable and bulky nature, cannot be economically transported across long distances. Furthermore, high trade barriers on dairy products restrain global product movements. Fonterra established several strategic alliances and partners to increase efficiency and flexibility in its global supply chain. Fonterra and Dairy Farmers of America (DFA), the largest milk-collecting cooperative in the US, formed a joint venture company called DairiConcepts which combines DFAs manufacturing sites with Fonterras technological expertise and innovations. DairiConcepts both strengthened Fonterras position in the US market and offered the cooperative the ability to better exploit its new opportunities.In addition to improving efficiencies in its South Ameri can operations, Fonterra established a joint venture with Nestlà © to form Dairy Partners Americas. Comprising over 13 plants in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and the Americas, with more than two thirds of them ex-Nestlà © staff, Dairy Partners Americas has been successfully implemented in Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela (Datamonitor, 2008). These and other partnerships provide alternative sources of raw milk for its ingredients business, enable optimization of Fonterras production plan and inventory levels, and ultimately facilitate meeting customer demand in all regional markets MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUP Fonterra focuses on conveying the message that it has high quality products stemming from research and development activity, which use healthy, natural and ecologically responsible products that are consistent with Fonterras rural roots. The company takes a science-based approach to developing and promoting these products by employing scientific results found in research studies and commissioning research papers and clinical studies to support its claims. In 2004, a report was published illustrating the positive benefit of feeding fortified milk powders to children. Fonterra aims to establish the image of its products in the minds of young consumers, viewing them as potential life-long consumers. For example, its website for children, (www.milkzone.com), offers interactive games, fun information, contests and links to other milk-related sites. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT CRITICALLY ANALYSE According to SLACK,N.CHAMBERS,S.JOHNSTON,R.2007 it refers to the listening to customers, indentifying what they want and striving to meet their requirement get it right first time-every time, with zero defects. Peter Drucker writes that The purpose of business lies outside itself-that is creating and satisfying customer. The decision process is central, and structure has to follow strategy and management has to be management by objectives and self control. The search for the genuine keys to success in TQM implementation has become a matter of deep concern to management of companies in the world. Organizational lack of information and data on the critical factors is an obstacle to implementing TQM effectively. So, research studies on the critical factors of TQM implementation are needed. In other words, more data are required so that industries can avoid and prevent the same problems from occurring (companies which adopted TQM ended up failing or dropping the system initiative before it could really take hold), (Lau and Idris, 2001).  Idris and Zairi (2006)  also stated that there is a need for more empirical research to clarify how the TQM evolutionary path is related to critical success conditions within an economic sector, industry, and era. With more empirical proof, an approach to a sustainable quality strategy could be established. More research in the form of a longitudinal approach is also needed since a snapshot d esign alone would not be sufficient to capture success conditions holistically (Idris and Zairi, 2006). However, the success of the TQM research depends on the development of valid and reliable measures which replicate actual TQM practices companies adopt in the real world. Not only should the measurement be consistent within a certain study, but also across many studies (Jitpaiboon and Rao, 2007)   TQM can be studied from three different approaches, contributions from quality leaders, formal evaluation models and empirical research.  Deming (1982,  1986). The use of statistical techniques for quality control, and proposed his 14 principles to improve quality in organizations, based on the following idea- leadership an improvement philosophy, the right production from the beginning, training for managers and employees, internal communication aimed at the elimination of obstacles for cooperation and the suppression of quantitative objectives.  Juran (1986)  pointed out the importance of both technical and managerial aspects, and identified the three basic functions of the quality management process: planning, organization and control, as the stages for quality improvement; he indicated that the aim of the management is to reduce the cost of mistakes, reaching a point where the total costs of quality are minimal improvement.  Crosby (197 9)  defined 14 steps for quality improvement, including top and intermediate management commitment, quality measurement, evaluation of quality costs, corrective action, training, a zero-defect philosophy, objective setting and employee recognition. The research by all these authors shows both strengths and weaknesses, for none of them offers the solutions to all the problems encountered by firms (Dale, 1999), although some common issues can be observed, such as management leadership, training, employees participation, process management, planning and quality measures for continuous improvement. These ideas have exerted an influence upon later studies, in such a way that the literature on TQM has progressively developed from these initial contributions, identifying various elements for effective quality management. Taking the initial research as a basis, the critical factors of TQM found in the literature vary from one author to another, although there is a common core, formed by the following requirements (Claver  et al., 2003),customer focus, leadership, quality planning, management based on facts, continuous improvement, human resource management (involvement of all members, training, work teams and communication systems), learning, process management, cooperation with suppliers and organizational awareness and concern for the social and environmental context. Alongside these factors, identified both in theoretical and empirical studies, there are standardized quality models used by firms in practice as a guide for their implementation, or in order to carry out self-evaluations of their quality practices. The main models are the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award model in the USA, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model in Europe and the Deming Application Prize model in Japan. The USA model lists in seven categories the main concepts and values in quality management: leadership, strategic planning, human resources orientation, process management, information and analysis, customer and market focus and business results. The EFQM model consists of the following principles: leadership, employee management, policy and strategy, alliances and resources, process management, people results, customer results, society results and key results (EFQM, 2000). The Japanese model is grouped into ten chapters, which are in turn divided, as in the two previous models, into a number of subcriteria, in the following way- policies, organization, information, standardization, development and usage of human resources, activities ensuring quality, activities for maintenance and control, activities for improvement, results and future plans. These principles, in general, summarize the aspects defined in the literature. Thus, issues related to the participation of employees, staff, work teams and communication, amongst others, may be included within the factor of human resource management. EVALUATE THE MIX OF CONCEPT Impact of supply chain management The maximization of firm value is an accepted goal of all publicly held firms. Value however is not a term well understood by all managers. In his book  The Power of Now, the CEO of Tibco Software, Vivek  Ranadive (1999)  explains that many business executives confuse value with profit. Ranadive makes the distinction by saying profit is a consequence of creating value. Ranadive emphasizes that creating customer value is one of the few existing differentiators that can create competitive advantage while the other classic differentiators outlined by Michael Porter and others cost leadership, quality, focus and speed have themselves become commodities. They are simply the price of market entry (Ranadive, 1999). Thus, firms must seek other avenues to build value for their customers. Many firms have turned to supply chain management (SCM) to give them a competitive advantage in the twenty-first century. A supply chain includes all the activities, functions and facilities involved (either directly or indirectly) in the flow and transformation of goods and services from the material stage to the end-user (Russell and Taylor, 2000, p. 373;  Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 2). SCM aims to integrate the various structures and processes of the supply chain, facilitating and coordinating the flow of goods and services and the flow of information necessary to provide the value that customers demand. The need for such coordination grows out of several trends in the marketplace. Globalization has led to the availability of a vast set of alternative sources of materials and other inputs as well as a wider array of potential customers. Customers changing expectations regarding value of goods and services, combined with advances in technology and the availability of information, have driven the formation of new forms of inter-organizational relationships (Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 5 ). Such factors have stimulated changes in the nature of organizations supply chains and have led to an emphasis on coordination and integration of supply chain activities.

Nature and Death in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song of Mys

There are many "popular" topics used frequently by authors. Love, religion, and war are some favorites. Two other such topics we typically read about are nature and death. The two can be discussed separately or they can be related to each other. Walt Whitman, a lover of nature, tackled these subjects in "Song of Myself" from Leaves of Grass. Another author who does the same is William Cullen Bryant. Though two very different writers with different styles, they share some of the same ideas. "Song of Myself" is a celebration of life and God. Whitman loved everything imaginable about nature. He loved people, animals, and himself. Throughout this extensive poem, Whitman mentions "red" people (Indians), "negros," butchers, women, the poor and the rich. He believed that all are good in some way or another and all people are equal. He loved them all for their own special reason. He also loved animals. Stanza thirteen praises the beauty and worthiness of oxen, tortoises, and mockingbirds. He believed all living things were connected. People are linked with the mar... Nature and Death in Walt Whitman's Song of Myself Essay -- Song of Mys There are many "popular" topics used frequently by authors. Love, religion, and war are some favorites. Two other such topics we typically read about are nature and death. The two can be discussed separately or they can be related to each other. Walt Whitman, a lover of nature, tackled these subjects in "Song of Myself" from Leaves of Grass. Another author who does the same is William Cullen Bryant. Though two very different writers with different styles, they share some of the same ideas. "Song of Myself" is a celebration of life and God. Whitman loved everything imaginable about nature. He loved people, animals, and himself. Throughout this extensive poem, Whitman mentions "red" people (Indians), "negros," butchers, women, the poor and the rich. He believed that all are good in some way or another and all people are equal. He loved them all for their own special reason. He also loved animals. Stanza thirteen praises the beauty and worthiness of oxen, tortoises, and mockingbirds. He believed all living things were connected. People are linked with the mar...

Murder and Angry Hamlet Essay

I would say, emotionally â€Å"Yes† but physically â€Å"No†. No matter what, revenge is wrong, as is murder. There is nothing wrong with having a grudge. The angry Hamlet decided to seek revenge for the murder of his father and accomplished this goal. In the play, revenge is killing his uncle, Claudius, who killed Hamlet’s father by pouring poison into his ear, while he was sleeping. I completely understand how Hamlet feels about what Claudius has done to his father. Hamlet has every right to be mad, but he does not have any right to kill Claudius. If my mother were killed by someone, I would resent the person who killed her and want to seek revenge, but I could not bring myself to kill the murderer. I know my mother would not wish me to kill someone, even though that person is a murderer, because she does not want me to be a murderer. I do not even remotely believe that she will show up as a ghost, either. In addition to how my mother feels about the action of killing someone, I could not personally be able to live with murdering someone on my conscience for the rest of my life. Hamlet’s father showed up and delivered a message by saying, â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. †(, v, 25) However, he did not specifically ask Hamlet to kill Claudius. No matter how hurt or angered Hamlet is, I do not think that Hamlet had to kill Claudius. Although I do not like the idea of revenge, I believe there was a different way to accomplish his revenge other than killing Claudius. Claudius was a murderer whom Hamlet had a grudge against. However, in reality, Hamlet does same thing what Claudius has done; murder someone. As Claudius is blamed, Hamlet should be blamed as well, as a murderer. Hamlet brought himself down to the same level as his uncle, the murderer of his father. Often times, it is the person who retaliates that is seen as the true culprit or the bad guy. I believe that revenge will only generate more revenge. According to the presentation of Brigitte, the movie â€Å"Mean Girls† describes the concept of revenge. Cady seeks revenge of Regina, who betrayed her. Cady accomplishes her revenge, but as she becomes more involved in the revenge game, she accomplishes her personal goals, while risking her friends along the way. In the end, the two girls will not get along together. I believe that there are two reasons why they cannot be good friends. Firstly, they are both immature. Secondly, the revenge of Cady generates the madness inside of Regina to an even more intense level, so that she cannot ever forgive Cady for what she has done. What is the purpose of revenge? Letting the person know that he/she is wrong? I can accomplish more by sitting and talking to the person who has offended or hurt me. After the death of Hamlet’s father, Hamlet takes it upon himself to seek revenge. Becoming aware of his plans for revenge, Claudius sends Hamlet to England in an attempt to have him killed, saying that he will not be able to relax until Hamlet is gone, forever. â€Å"Do it, England,/ For like the hectic in my blood he rages,/ And thou must cure me. Till I know ‘tis done, / Howe’er my haps, my joys were ne’er begun (IV. iii, lines 61-64). † The initial murder of Hamlet’s father creates a cycle of revenge and murder, that won’t stop until people are injured or killed. Because Claudius was fearful of Hamlet knowing the truth about his father’s murder, he attempted to have Hamlet killed. This in turn, led to angering Hamlet even more, eventually causing Claudius’s death. I believe that revenge in itself is wrong. Revenge will not make things better. Forgiving is harder, but the feelings that come after forgiving someone are better than the feelings you may get after revenge. My mother always tells me, â€Å"Don’t do anything that you wouldn’t want others to do to you. †

Hospitality Industry Knowledge

Hospitality Industry Knowledge 1. List six sources of current industry information: – Media: Such as newspapers, television, magazines and radio. The media publicises current information, trends developing and any government initiatives. – Customers: By doing customer questionnaires this can inform enterprises as to what they need to improve, as well as which staff are working well. – Information services: For example the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Tourism NSW (all these services are provided by the government) and provide a whole range of issues within the industry. Internet: Sites such as The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) provide information on environmental issues and trends frequently. Anyone can publish anything on the internet, so it is important to check that the information sourced is credible and correct. – Industry Journals: (Also known as trade magazines) are not available from local industries and usually require a subscription, as they are extremely valuable sources of current information. Within the either national / international journals hospitality positions are advertised, trends are addressed and practices of various enterprises are shown. Training courses: May either be on-site or off-site, and provide the opportunity for staff to experience specific training in a chosen area. 2. Differentiate between primary and secondary sources of information: A primary source is when information is gathered first hand, whereas secondary source is when the information is gathered from a source that has already conducted the research. 3. Indentify the basic research skills that are required when researching: It is important to recognise that the source is credible and that it is of relevance. . List three channels that may be used to disseminate information once collected: Media, Internet and customers. 5. Explain the importance of updating hospitality industry knowledge: Updating hospitality industry knowledge ensur es quality service is maintained and the customer’s needs are constantly being met. 6. Analyse recent government initiatives affecting the hospitality industry: Government initiatives are acts by the government that result in a number of impacts on the industry. Promoting Australia’s image overseas: In campaigns such as â€Å"where the bloody hell are you? † and ‘Australia week’ in the USA; and enhances Australians quality of life as well as boosting tourism in regional areas. – Australian tourism industry: Over $600 million was allocated to the Australian tourism industry in the 2004/05 federal budget. The government set up a new body in 2004, ‘Tourism Australia’, having $120 million allocated to the body in 2004 in order to market Australia internationally as a holiday destination over the following years. To market tourism within regional areas of Australia, an extra $45 million was allocated. – The federal government is now taking on apprentices (New Apprenticeship’s Scheme). This will help with the costs accompanying training new apprentices and offers and encourages employers to take on new enterprises. By introducing these further funds for enterprises, it has also allowed students to take on a part-time apprenticeship whilst attending school, as well as enabling more flexibility for those wishing to pursue a career in commercial cooking. Obesity: This issue has been constantly reported via the media, statistics stating that now over 50% of the Australian population are overweight. This is a result of certain lifestyle changes: individuals are now less active, have increased their consumption of fatty/high energy foods, and often resort to fast food because they believe they do not have enough time to cook themselves. The health problems connected to being overweight have placed a lot of pressure on the health system. This has resulted in the government introducing healthy eating campaigns and new school canteen food requirements. Farmer kits: Was launched by the Federal Minister for Tourism in 2003: ‘Farm and Country Tourism on your Property: Assessment Tool’ These kits were for families looking to enter the agricultural tourism industry and enables them to see whether or not their farm is suitable. 7. Explain recent trends in emerging markets and the importance of internet presence for business: The Internet has enabled the hospitality industry to access a wider market, allowing budding customers to view the available products and services of different enterprises, and to make a booking online. Internet booking have increased dramatically over the past few years (due to the ‘technically savvy’ Y-Generation) and has resulted in an increase in competitiveness between hospitality enterprises. 8. Analyse the impact of social issues on the hospitality industry: Some enterprises choose to become involved with the community by doing things such as participating in community fundraising (e. g. providing a complimentary meal) or by contributing left-over food to charities. The obesity epidemic has also caused the hospitality industry to provide healthier menus, so that consumers now have the option of having either fatty or healthier food. Doing so has caused the face of the hospitality industry to change, as they are no longer regarded as selling only fatty foods. Racial tensions were a result of the Cronulla Riots in Sydney. A number of businesses were closed down, and when re-opened were not able to operate due to a lack of customers. Due to an increase in intoxication and binge drinking licensed premises must ensure they do not serve intoxicated people, as intoxicated people are more likely to commit crimes. The government has responded to this by introducing curfews and lockouts within problem areas. They have also raised the price on Alco-pops to discourage young people from drinking excessively. 9. Outline factors that have caused expansion within the industry: Factors that have caused expansion within the industry include: – International sporting events: attracts a large number of short-term visitors – Cultural events: attract people to specific regions – Seasonal influences: increased travel during holidays, in particular the Christmas and summer holiday period – New liquor licensing laws: may encourage more small bars to open – Medical tourism: hospitality provides forming partnership with hospitals 10. Outline factors that have caused retraction within the industry: – An oversupply of facilities after the 2000 Sydney Olympics – Incidents (such as war on Iraq, tsunami, SARS) resulted in less abroad people travelling to Australia, although inbound tourism did increase – Competition among enterprises caused them to slash their prices (reduced profit) – World oil prices increased which resulted in airline tickets increasing and households to restrict their extra spending money (due to increased cost in petrol) – Rising food prices caused higher menu prices, which may deter customers from dining out – Credit crisis 1. Describe current labour issues and their impacts on enterprises: – Labour turnover: Employee’s left with few hours during the quieter months may choose to leave and find alternative employment. The cost of losing / replacing staff members is quite substantial and costs thousands per employee. – Shortage of qual ified chefs: result of more students staying to year 12 rather than leaving in year 10 – Hiring staff with illegal visa statuses – Paid unjustly: a number of employee’s in the industry are unaware of their rights and may be paid lower wages 2. Explain technological issues affecting the hospitality industry: – Has improved the delivery of customer service and impacted on the delivery of training – Systems and procedures are now more efficient and has reduced many errors and has enabled service to be provided more timely. – Addressed skills shortages by allowing individuals to complete training courses in a more flexible environment through registered training organisations on-line.

Best Online Trading Account- Width and Cost Analysis

| | |[pic] | | |BEST ONLINE TRADING ACCOUNT | | | |WIDTH AND COST ANALYSIS | | WEALTH AND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT : (MGT-216) Submitted to: Dr. Shweta Anand By: HukumSingh Devendar Gautam Naveen Kumar Vijay Singh Vikash Chaudhary Yashpal SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY GREATER NOIDA CONTENTS TOPIC 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction Background of Stock Exchange in India 3. Theory of Share Market 4. Major Players 5. Methodology of Study 6. Objectives of Study 7. Comparative Study of Online trading portals 8. Conclusion 9. Reference EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project as a whole can be divided into two parts. ? First part gives an insight about online trading and Dematerialization account. What is share trading and how buying and selling takes place. For trading, it is mandatory for us to have a demat or dematerialization account. How to open a demat account and what all documents are required was part of our study. Various terms used in share market such as bears and bulls, intraday, delivery, settlement, index, etc. ? The second part of project represents the major players of India and a small comparative analysis has been done on their basis of services given by these different online trading portals with their brokerage rates, annual maintenance charges, account opening charges and customer base. INTRODUCTION Background of Stock Exchange of India The emergence of stock market can be traced back to 1830. In Bombay, business passed in the shares of banks like the commercial bank, the chartered mercantile bank, the chartered bank, the oriental bank and the old bank of Bombay and shares of cotton presses. In Calcutta, Englishman reported the quotations of 4%, 5%, and 6% loans of East India Company as well as the shares of the bank of Bengal in 1836. This list was a further broadened in 1839 when the Calcutta newspaper printed the quotations of banks like union bank and Agra bank. It also quoted the prices of business ventures like the Bengal bonded warehouse, the Docking Company and the storm tug company. Between 1840 and 1850, only half a dozen brokers existed for the limited business. But during the share mania of 1860-65, the number of brokers increased considerably. By 1860, the number of brokers was about 60 and during the exciting period of the American Civil war, their number increased to about 200 to 250. The end of American Civil war brought disillusionment and many failures and the brokers decreased in number and prosperity. It was in those troublesome times between 1868 and 1875 that brokers organized an informal association and finally as recited in the Indenture constituting the â€Å"Articles of Association of the Exchange†. On or about 9th day of July,1875, a few native brokers doing brokerage business in shares and stocks resolved upon forming in Bombay an association for protecting the character, status and interest of native share and stock brokers and providing a hall or building for the use of the members of such association. As a meeting held in the broker’ Hall on the 5th day of February, 1887, it was resolved to execute a formal deal of association and to constitute the first managing committee and to appoint the first trustees. Accordingly, the Articles of Association of the Exchange and the Stock Exchange was formally established in Bombay on 3rd day of December, 1887. The Association is now known as â€Å"The Stock Exchange†. The entrance fee for new member was Re. 1 and there were 318 members on the list, when the exchange was constituted. The numbers of members increased to 333 in 1896, 362 in 1916and 478 in 1920 and the entrance fee was raised to Rs. 5 in 1877, Rs. 1000 in 1896, Rs. 2500 in 1916 and Rs. 48,000 in 1920. At present there are 23 recognized stock exchanges with about 6000 stock brokers. Organization structure of stock exchange varies. 14 stock exchanges are organized as public limited companies, 6 as companies limited by guarantee and 3 are non-profit voluntary organization. Of the total of 23, only 9 stock exchanges have been permanent recognition. Others have to seek recognition on annual basis. These exchange do not work of its own, rather, these are run by some persons and with the help of some persons and institution. All these are down as functionaries on stock exchange. These are 1. Stockbrokers 2. sub-broker 3. market makers 4. Portfolio consultants etc 1. ) Stockbrokers Stock brokers are the members of stock exchanges. These are the persons who buy, sell or deal in securities. A certificate of registration from SEBI is mandatory to act as a broker. SEBI can impose certain conditions while granting the certificate of registrations. It is obligatory for the person to abide by the rules, regulations and the buy-law. Stock brokers are commission broker, floor broker, arbitrageur etc. Detail of registered brokers |Total no. of registered brokers as on 31. 03. 2008 |Total no. of sub-brokers as on 31. 03. 008 | |9000 |24,000 | 2. ) Sub-broker A sub-broker acts as agent of stock broker. He is not a member of a stock exchange. He assists the investors in buying, selling or dealing in securities through stockbroker. The broker and sub-broker should enter into an agreement in which obligations of both should be specified. Sub-broker must be registered SEBI for a dealing in securities. For getting registered with SEBI , he must fulfill certain rules and regulation. 3. ) Market Makers Market maker is a designated specialist in the specified securities. They make both bid and offer at the same time. A market maker has to abide by bye-laws, rules regulations of the concerned stock exchange. He is exempt from the margin requirements. As per the listing requirements, a company where the paid-up capital is Rs. 3 crore but not more than Rs. 5 crore and having a commercial operation for less than 2 years should appoint a market maker at the time of issue of securities. 4. ) Portfolio consultants A combination of securities such as stocks, bonds and money market instruments is collectively called as portfolio. Whereas the portfolio consultants are the persons, firms or companies who advise, direct or undertake the management or administration of securities or funds on behalf of their clients. THEORY OF SHARE MARKET Stock Exchange: A common platform where buyers and sellers come together to transact in shares and stocks. Electronic Trading: Eliminates the need for physical trading floors. Brokers can trade from their offices using fully automated screen based processes. Their workstations are connected to a stock exchange’s central computer via satellite using Very Small Aperture Terminus (VSATs). The orders placed by the brokers reach the exchange’s central computer and are matched electronically. Stock Exchanges in India: The stock exchange Mumbai (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) are the country’s two leading stock exchanges. There are 20 other regional stock exchanges connected via Interconnected Stock exchange (ICSE). Index: An Index is a comprehensive measure of market trends intended for investors who are concerned with general stock market price movements. An index comprises stocks that have large liquidity and market capitalization. At NSE, the capitalization of NIFTY (fifty selected stocks) is takes as a base capitalization, with the value set at 1000. Similarly BSE sensitivity index consists of 30 stocks. The index value compares the day’s market capitalization vis-a-vis base capitalization and indicates how prices in general have move over a period of time. Stock: In financial market, stock refers to the supply of money that a company has raised. This supply comes from the people who have given the company money in hope that the company will make their money grow. Bears and Bulls: Bears are cautious animals who don’t like to move too fast. Bulls are bold who might charge right ahead. An investor is said to be bearish if he or she believes that the stock market will go down. A bearish investor will buy the stock cautiously. A â€Å"Bullish† investor believes that the market will go up. He or she will charge ahead and put more money into the market. An investor can be bearish or bullish about a particular kind of stock. Likewise the term â€Å"Bear Market† describes the time the stock prices have been falling on the whole. A â€Å"Bull Market† is a period when stock prices are generally rising. Dematerialization: What is a Demat? Demat is commonly used abbreviation of Dematerialsation, which is a process whereby securities like shares and debentures are converted from material (paper documents) into electronic data and stored into computers of an Electronic Depository. Requirements to Open a Demat Account: 1) PAN Card 2) Cancelled Cheque 3) Address Proof 4) Photo ID Proof trading: It is defined as a function when an investor buys or sells in the market. BUYING: 1. An investor gets order executed and makes payment to the broker. 2. Investor instructs his Depository Participant to expect credit on settlement day. Broker instructs his DP to debit his Clearing Member account on settlement day. 3. Before settlement day Broker makes payment to clearinghouse through Clearing Bank. 4. On settlement day clearing house releases shares to broker’s Clearing Member account which is then transferred to investors account through NSDL (National Securities Depository Limited). Investor gets credit in his account. Selling: 1. An investor gets order executed. 2. Investor instructs his Depository Participant to debit his account with immediate effect. The shares move from investors account to Brokers Clearing Member account via NSDL. A Broker clearing member accounts is credited. 3. Before settlement day broker transfers shares from his clearing member account to Clearinghouse via NSDL. His account is debited. 4. On settlement day Broker receives payment from clearing house which he passes on to the investor. Intraday Based Trading: Day trading refers to the practice of buying and selling financial instruments within the same trading day such that all positions will usually (not necessarily always) be closed before the market close of the trading day. This is the opposite of After-hours trading. Traders that participate in day trading are called day traders. Delivery Based Trading: Delivery based trading involves buying shares on a market day, holding them and selling them only after receiving the delivery of those shares in demat account. ONLINE SHARE TRADING: Online Trading involves investment activity which takes place over the internet and it does not require physical inclusion of broker. An investor has to register with an online trading portal like Sharekhan. com, India Infoline. om and many companies like that and investor gets into an agreement with the firm to trade in different securities according to terms and conditions in the agreement. As the servers of the online portal are connected all the time to the stock exchange and designated banks the order processing is done in real time and the investors can also have updates on trading. They can also check the status of their order either through e-mails or through interf ace that it cannot be accessed by the third party. Some options are usually given to the users such as to link their bank account, Demat accounts and Brokerage account into a single interface. A single window is there for all exchanges and a single screen is there for the complete order routing mechanism. There are two broad models in play in the online brokerage space- 1) Bank-backed firms 2) Entrepreneur- floated firms Bank-backed firms: Bank-backed firms such as ICICIdirect. com and HDFC Securities have expanded on the basis of their brand name and trust of investors in them. The integrated 3-in-1 account offered by these companies help their parent bank by giving it accounts along with float income. Entrepreneurship-floated firms: Companies like India Infoline, Sharekhan, IndiaBulls, Religare and Karvy have expanded by offering the customers a mix of online and offline accounts, higher margin finance amount and lower brokerage rates. Advantages of Online Trading: 1) Provides with the freedom of information Through internet an investor can – ? Know the price of any stock he desires at any point of time on the internet. ? An investor can review the price history of any stock in the chart format online. ? The investor can follow in depth the events happening in the market. ? Consult with other online investors in any part of the world. Conduct extensive financial research of any company he desires. 2) Ensures the best price for the investors. 3) Provides instant trade execution 4) Provides level playing field. 5) Keeps information secure. 6) Instant order trade confirmation. 7) Consult on line help desk for queries. Disadvantages of Online Trading: 1) Brokerage is high as compared to off line 2) Privacy ca n be less due to hacking scandals. 3) Transactional errors due to technical problems. MAJOR PLAYERS OF INDIA The following are the major players: ? A. G. Shares & Securities ? India Bulls ? India Infoline ? Karvy Share khan ? ICICIDirect ? Motilal oswal Secureties ? Religare ? HDFC Securities ? Reliance Money A. G. SHARES & SECURITIES: A. G. Shares & Securities Ltd. (AGSSL)-(Sister Concern of India Casting Company) – a saga of success. Form a modest beginning in 1995 the Company has grown by leaps and bounds under the stewardship of Mr. Ajay Kumar Agarwal (Managing Director). AGSSL is an one stop shop providing gamut of financial services which include on line trading in NSE & Depository Services and Dematerialization of eligible securities, disbursement of corporate action benefits viz. non –cash benefits to the beneficial owner, settlement of securities traded on exchanges, pledging and hypothecation of eligible securities, stock lending and borrowings. Their sister concern namely â€Å" Seema Securities Pvt Ltd. â€Å" a member of BSE is providing various exclusive financial services related to BSE like on-line trading sale and purchase of Debenture, Shares, Warrants, sale and purchase of Shares. The other sister concern GKSSL having membership of NCDEX is also giving extra opportunity of clients to trade in most valuable exchanges. Products & Services: ? Broking with NSE in Cash Market Broking with BSE in Cash Market ? Dealing in Derivative trading in NSE & BSE ? NSDL Service ? CDSL Service ? Cash on sale ? Update services ? NCDEX Service ? MCX service INDIABULLS SECURITIES LIMITED Indiabulls Securities Limited was incorporated as GPF Securities Private Limited on June 9, 1995. The name of the company was changed to Orbis Securities Private Limited on December 15, 1995 to change the profile of the company and subsequently due to the conversion of the company into a public limited company; the name was further changed to Orbis Securities Lim ited on January 5, 2004. The name of the company was again changed to Indiabulls Securities Limited on February 16, 2004 so as to capitalize on the brand image of the term â€Å"Indiabulls† in the company name. ISL is a corporate member of capital market & derivative segment of The National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. At present, ISL accounts for approximately 3% of the total daily turnover of the Exchange with 32,359 client relationships and 70 branches spread across the country as of April 30, 2004. Products Offered by Indiabulls: ? Equity & Debt Stock Broking ? Insurance ? Commodity trading ? Depository Services ? Derivatives Broking Services Equity Research Services ? Mutual Fund Distribution ? IPO Distribution Type of Account Indiabulls Equity Trading Account Indiabulls Equity Trading Account is standard Online trading account from India bulls and along with online trading it also provides priority telephone access that gives you direct access to your Relationship Manager and full access to â₠¬ËœIndiabulls Equity Analysis'. Application Trading Terminal(Need Installation) Power Indiabulls Power Indiabulls trading terminal is the most advanced new generation trading platform with great speed. This trading terminal is built in JAVA. Power Indiabulls is extremely reach in features including Live Streaming Quotes, Fast Order Entry and execution, Tic by Tic Live Charts, Technical Analysis, Live News and Alerts, Extensive Reports for Real-time Accounting. Brokerage and fees : 1. Account opening fees : Rs 1200/- (One time non-refundable) as below: 250/- Equity Trading Account opening charge 200/- Demat Account opening charge 750/- Software changes Advantages of Indiabulls Equity Trading Account 1. Brokerage is less compare to other online trading companies. 2. Provide trading terminal ‘powerbulls', a java based software. It's very fast in terms of speed and execution INDIAINFOLINE SECURITY PRIVATE LTD India Infoline. com Securities Pvt. Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of India Infoline. com Ltd and is the stock broking arm of India Infoline. com. The subsidiary was formed to comply with regulatory guidelines. www. 5paisa. com is a focused website for online stock market trading. 5paisa. com is a trade name owned by the India Infoline. com group. IILSPL has applied for trading membership of the BSE under Securities and Exchange Board of India (Stock Brokers and Sub-Brokers) Rules 1992. IILSPL is in the business of providing broking services online via the Internet (â€Å"E-broking Services†) and has been permitted by the NSE by way of registration permission no: NSEIL/CMO/INET/1103/2000 dated 03/July/2000, and will be applying for permission to the BSE, to provide E-broking Services to its clients. IILSPL is a TRADING MEMBER of the National Stock Exchange of India. Products Offered by IILSPL: ? Stock market: IILSPL deals in stock market by trading in equity and derivatives. ? Personal finance: It Deals In Mutual Fund and Insurance. ? Online Trading: It provides services in stock and commodity trading (through Internet). Trade In: BSE and NSE Trading Terminals: 5Paisa offers 2 different online trading terminals to its customers: Investor Terminal (IT) Investor Terminal is 5Paisa's equity trading terminal for low volume trader. This is web based terminal and could access from anywhere. This product provides limited features in comparison of Trader Terminal, which is another product provided by 5Paisa. Trader Terminal (TT) Trader Terminal is design for high volume equity traders or day traders. Trader Terminal provides high volume trading with powerful interface and fast order execution. Few popular features of trader terminal are: Fast trade execution with instant trade confirmation. o Live streaming quotes and price watch on any number of stocks. o Intra day charts, updated live, tick-by-tick. o Live margin, position, marked to market profit & loss report. o Set any number of price alerts on any number of scrips. o Flexibility to customize screen layout and setting. o Facility to customize any number of portfolios & watch lists. o Facility to cancel all pending orders at one click. o Facility to square off all transactions at one click. o Top Gainers, Top Losers, Most Active, updated live. o Index information; index chart, index stock information live. Market depth, i. e. Best 5 bids and offers, updated live for all stocks. o Online access to both accounts and DP to check live updated Order and Trade Book. o Facility to place after market orders. o Online fund transfer facility from leading Banks including ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. o Online intra-day technical calls. o Historical charts and technical analysis tools. o India Infoline's world – acclaimed news service and research. o and many more. Brokerage and Account opening fees: 1. Account opening fees: Rs 500/- one time non refundable. 2. 5 paisa offer competitive rates. They charge only 5 paisa for Rs 100 of trade done, which is 0. 05%. brokerage. In case of trade that result in delivery, they charge an additional 0. 20% for back office and securities handling. Advantages of 5paisa 1. Very fast execution speed. 2. Rates are very competitive then other providers. 3. Easy online fund transfer facility from leading Banks including ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. 4. Free facility of subscribing to mutual funds, equity IPOs and other investment products. Disadvantages of 5paisa 1. No intra-day tick by tick charts in Investor Terminal (IT). 2. Investing in IPO and Mutual Funds is not so easy like in ICICIDirect. . Learning 5paisa Trading Terminal is little hard. IPO / Mutual Funds investment through 5Paisa (IndiaInfoLine) 1. 5Paisa provides free facility of subscribing to mutual funds, equity IPOs and other investment products using internet banking account of ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. 2. Registered users with 5Paisa can logon to following website to apply in an IPO: http://www. indiainfoline. com/ipo 3. While applying for IPO shares online through 5Paisa, Investor are taken to there corresponding banks homepage. Investors can use there net banking user id & password & transfer funds directly using any of these banks. . 5Paisa members can use the similar steps to invest in Mutual Funds online. KARVY GROUP Karvy is a premier integrated financial services provider, and ranked among the top five in the country in all its business segments, services over 16 million individual investors in various capacities, and provides investor services to over 300 corporate in India. Karvy has a professional management team and ranks among the best in technology, operations and research of various industrial segments. History of Karvy: The birth of Karvy was on a modest scale in 1981. It began with the vision and enterprise of a small group of practicing Chartered Accountants who founded the flagship company, Karvy Consultants Limited. They started with consulting and financial accounting automation and carved inroads into the field of registry and share accounting by 1985. Since then, karvy utilized its experience and superlative expertise to go from strength to strength, to better their services, to innovate, diversify and in the process, evolved as one of India’s premier integrated financial service enterprise. Product & Services Offered by Karvy Group: 1. Financial Products Distribution (Investments/Loans). . Karvy consultant ltd. 3. Karvy merchant banking. 4. Insurance(life/general) 5. Stock Broking 6. Commodities Broking 7. Mutual Funds Services SHAREKHAN: Sharekhan is one of the leading retail brokerage of Citi Venture which is running successfully since 1922 in the country. Earlier it was the retail broking arm of the Mumbai-based SSKI Group, which has over eight decades of experience in the stock broking business. Sharekhan offers its customers a wide range of equity related services including trade execution on BSE, NSE, Derivatives, depository services, online trading, investment advice etc. Sharekhan is one of India's leading financial services companies. They provide a complete life-cycle of investment solution in Equities, Derivatives, Commodities, IPO, Mutual Funds, Depository Services, Portfolio Management Services and Insurance. They also offer personalized wealth management services for High Net worth individuals. With a physical presence in over 300 cities of India through more than 800 â€Å"Share Shops†, and an online presence through Sharekhan. com, India's premier online destination, they reach out to more than 800,000 trading customers. Products Offered by Sharekhan: ? Equity Trading Platform (Online/Offline). ? Commodities Trading Platform (Online/Offline). ? Portfolio Management Service. ? Mutual Fund Advisory and Distribution. ? Insurance Distribution Trade In: BSE and NSE Type of Account Classic Account Trading Terminal ShareKhan Classic account Allow investor to buy and sell stocks online along with the following features like multiple watch lists, Integrated Banking, demat and digital contracts, Real-time portfolio tracking with price alerts and Instant credit & transfer. a. Online trading account for investing in Equities and Derivatives b. Free trading through Phone (Dial-n-Trade) I. Two dedicated numbers for placing your orders with your cellphone or landline. II. Automtic funds tranfer with phone banking (for Citibank and HDFC bank customers) III. Simple and Secure Interactive Voice Response based system for authentication IV. get the trusted, professional advice of our telebrokers V. After hours order placement facility between 8. 00 am and 9. 30 am c. Integration of: Online trading + Bank + Demat account d. Instant cash transfer facility against purchase & sale of shares e. IPO investments f. Instant order and trade confirmations by e-mail g. Single screen interface for cash and derivatives ShareKhan SpeedTrade account This accounts for active traders who trade frequently during the day's trading session. Following are few popular features of SpeedTrade account. h. Single screen interface for cash and derivatives i. Real-time streaming quotes with Instant order Execution & Confirmation j. Hot keys similar to a traditional broker terminal k. Alerts and reminders l. Back-up facility to place trades on Direct Phone lines Brokerage: Some stock trading companies charge direct percentage while others charge a fixed amount per Rs 100. Sharekhan charges 0. 5% for inter day shares and 0. 1% for intra day or you could say Sharekhan charges 50 paise per Rs 100. Advantages of Sharekhan: 1. Online trading is very user friendly and one doesn't need any software to access. 2. They provides good quality of services like daily SMS alerts, mail alerts, stock recommendations etc. 3. Sharekhan has ability to transfer funds from most banks. Unlike ICICI Direct, HDFC Sec, etc. so investor not really needs to open an account with a particular bank as it can establish link with most modern banks. Disadvantages of Sharekhan: 1. They charge minimum brokerage of 10 paisa per stock would not let you trade stocks below 20 rs. (If you trade, you will loose majority of your money in brokerage). 2. Lots of hidden rules and charges. 3. They do not provide facility to book lim it order trades during after-hours. 4. Classic account holders cannot trade commodities. 5. Cannot purchase mutual funds online ICICI DIRECT: ICICIDirect (or ICICIDirect. com) is stock trading company of ICICI Bank. Along with stock trading and trading in derivatives in BSE and NSE, it also provides facility to invest in IPOs, Mutual Funds and Bonds. Trading is available in BSE and NSE. Trade In: BSE and NSE Type of Account ICICIDirect offers 3 different online trading platforms to its customers: 1. Share Trading Account Share Trading Account by ICICIDirect is primarily for buying and selling of stocks in BSE and NSE. This account allows Cash Trading, Margin Trading, MarginPLUS Trading, Spot Trading, Buy Today Sell Tomorrow and Call and Trade on phone. ICICIDirect. com website is the primary trading platform for this trading account. They also provide installable application terminal based application for high volume trader. 2. Wise Investment Account Along with stock trading and IPO investing in BSE and NSE, Wise Investment account also provide options to invest in Mutual Funds and Bonds online. Online Mutual funds investment allows investor to invest on-line in around 19 Mutual Fund companies. ICICI Direct offers various options while investing in Mutual Funds like Purchase Mutual Fund, Redemption and switch between different schemes, Systematic Investment plans, Systematic withdrawal plan and transferring existing Mutual Funds in to electronic mode. This account also provides facility to invest in Government of India Bonds and ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds. ICICIDirect. com website is the primary tool to invest in Mutual Funds, IPOs, Bonds and stock trading. 3. Active Trader Account Active Trader account gives more personalized investment options to the investors. It allows investor to use online and offline stock trading. It also provides with independent market expertise and support through a dedicated Relationship Manager from ICICI. Active Trader also provides commodity trading. Brokerage and fees 1. Account opening fees : Rs 750/- (One time non-refundable) 2. Brokerage : ICICIDirect. com brokerage varies on volume of trade and inclusive of demat transaction charges, service taxes and courier charges for contract notes. It ranges from 0. 1% to 0. 15% for margin trades, 0. 2% to 0. 425% for squared off trades and 0. 4% to 0. 85% on delivery based trades. Advantages of ICICIDirect 1. 3-in-1 account integrates your banking, broking and demat accounts. All accounts are from ICICI and very well integrated. This feature makes ICICI the most interesting player in online trading facility. There is absolutely no manual interfere require. This is truly online trading environment. 2. Unlike most of the online trading companies in India which require transferring money to the broker's pool or towards deposits, at ICICIDirect you can manage your own demat and bank accounts through ICICIdirect. com. Money from selling stock is available in ICICI bank account as soon as the ICICIDirect receive it. 3. Investment online in IPOs, Mutual Funds, GOI Bonds, and Postal Savings Schemes all from one website. General Insurance is also available from ICICI Lombard. 4. Trading is available in both BSE and NSE. Disadvantages of ICICIDirect 1. Getting access to ICICIDirect. com website during market session can be frustrating. 2. ICICIDirect brokerage is high and not negotiable. 3. Not all stocks are available under Margin Plus. MOTILAL OSWAL SECURITIES: Incorporated in 1987, Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd is a well diversified financial services firm offering a range of financial products and services such as Wealth Management, Broking & Distribution, Commodity Broking, Portfolio Management Services, Institutional Equities, Private Equity, Investment Banking Services and Principal Strategies. Company have a diversified client base that includes retail customers (including High Net worth Individuals), mutual funds, foreign institutional investors, financial institutions and corporate clients. They are headquartered in Mumbai and as of September 30th, 2009, had a network spread over 576 cities and towns comprising 1,257 Business Locations operated by them. As at September 30th, 2009, company had 5,80,667 registered customers. Type of Account Most E-Broking MOSt E-Broking is complete online stock trading solution for Indiaian stock market. Following are the features of MOSt E-Broking account: o Easy single screen trader with instant trade confirmation similar to exchange based trading terminals. o Access to various online reports like margin report, Demat A/c details, trades executed, turnover report, net position report with mark to market profit/loss and realized profit. o Online transfer funds through HDFC Bank Awards 1. 2005, Asiamoney Brokers ranked MOSt the best Indian brokerage firm in India. 2. March 2006, AQ Research declared MOSt the best research house for Indian stocks. RELIGARE : Religare Enterprises Limited is Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited promoted financial product and service provider company. Religare provide its service in three different segments including Retail, Wealth management and the Institutional spectrum. Company offers wide range of services including equities, commodities, insurance broking, wealth advisory, portfolio management services, personal finance services, Investment banking and institutional broking services. Religare retail network has more than 900 locations in 300 cities and towns in India. Religare provides the online gateway to their investors so investor can trade online in Equities, Commodities, apply for IPOs, invest in Mutual Funds, and buy Insurance. Religare Securities Limited (RSL) is a subsidiary company of Religare Enterprises Ltd and involve in equity related services include online trading at BSE and NSE, Derivatives, commodities, IPO, Mutual fund, Investment banking and institutional broking services. People who wonder where Religare word came from, it's a Latin word meaning ‘to bind together'. Type of Account Religare offers its wide range of financial services though a sophisticated and customized trading platform – R-ACE (Religare Advanced Client Engine). Below are 3 flavors of R-ACE accounts available to the investors. 1. R-ACE (Basic) R-ACE (Religare Advanced Client Engine) the basic online trading account provided by Religare. Investor can trade and access their account information online and over the phone as well. This account comes with a browser based online trading platform and no additional software installation needed. 2. R-ACE Lite (Advanced) R-ACE Lite is the advanced trading platform for the investor of Religare. This trading account provides the entire feature of R-ACE (Basic) account. In addition it also provides real-time streaming stock quotes and alerts. This trading platform is also browser based and no software installation is needed. 3. R-ACE Pro (Professional) As the name indicates this account is for high volume traders. Along with the features from above 2 accounts, this account also comes with Trading Terminal software which needs to install on your computer. This terminal directly connects the investor to stock market and having all industry standard Treading terminal features including technical charting (intra-day and EOD), multiple watch list, advanced hot-key functions for faster trading, derivative chains, futures & options calculator etc. As in basic and advance account, trading is available online through internet and offline though phone. Brokerage and Account opening fees: Religare offers three kinds of accounts as above. Below are detail about fees and activation charges for each account: 1. R-ACE Account activation charges Rs. 299/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 5000/- required. 2. R-ACE Lite Account activation charges Rs. 499/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 5000/- required. 3. R-ACE Pro Account activation charges Rs. 999/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 10,000/- required. 4. Brokerage at Religare On the basis of volume and frequency of trading, Religare provide different options for brokerages. On the broader way they divided into three categories: o Classic Account Intraday brokerage varies from 0. 03% to 0. 05%. Delivery brokerage varies from 0. 30% to 0. 50%. Derivatives brokerage varies from 0. 3% to 0. 5%. o Classic Plus Fees: Rs 600 Validity Period 6 Months Intraday brokerage varies from 0. 03% to 0. 05%. Delivery brokerage varies from 0. 30% to 0. 50%. o Freedom Account In this payment plan, investor has to pay a fix amount in advance for Monthly (Rs 500), Quarterly (Rs. 1400), Half-yearly (Rs 2500) or Annual Subscription (Rs 4000). This one time payment enable account holder to trade for Rs. 3,00,000 intraday & derivative trading and Rs. 40,000 of delivery based trading for zero brokerage. o Trump Account Trump account has four payment options, Trump Plus, Trump Super, Trump Star and Trump Super Star plan. ? Trump Plus has annual subscription fees of Rs 2,500, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 25% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades & F Trades is 0. 025%. ? Trump Super has annual subscription fees of Rs. 15,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 15% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades & F Trades is 0. 015%. ? Trump Star has annual subscription fees of Rs. 50,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 10%, Brokerage on Intraday Trades is 0. 01% and Brokerage on Future Trades is 0. 08%. ? Trump Super Star has annual subscription fees of Rs. 1,00,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 10% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades & F Trades is 0. 005%. Advantages of Religare 1. Religare gives interest on unutilized cash when investor is waiting to make next trade or online investment. 2. They provide intraday reports and historical charting. 3. Varity of fee structure to fulfill need of different type of investors HDFC SECURITIES: HDFC Securities(HDFCsec) is Equity Trading Company of HDFC Bank. HDFC Securities provide both online trading and trading on phone. The HDFC Securities trading account has a unique 3-in-1 feature that integrates your HDFC Securities trading account with your existing HDFC bank savings account and existing Demat account. Funds / shares are seamlessly moved from the linked Demat/Bank account to execute the transactions. HDFCsec provides Cash-n-Carry on both NSE and BSE, Day trading on both NSE and BSE, Trade on Futures & Options on the NSE and Online IPO Investment. Features on HDFC Securities Online trading : 1. Seamless Transactions – By integrating your accounts, we ensure minimal waste of time during movement of your funds and shares. . Speed – Orders are placed electronically, so proceeds are available instantly. 3. No manipulation – To prevent any mismanagement, we will send you an email confirmation, the minute your order is executed. 4. Safety and Security – HDFC Securities offer the highest level of security such as 128-bit encryption technology. 5. Dedicated and Separate contac t numbers – for trading over the phone as well as for customer care. RELIANCE MONEY: Reliance Money, A Reliance Capital Limited Company, is the financial services division of Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani (ADA) Group. Reliance ADA group is among top 3 business houses in India with wide range of presence across various sectors. Group’s major interests ranges from communications (Reliance Communications) and financial services (Reliance Capital Ltd), to generation, transmission and distribution of power (Reliance Energy), infrastructure and entertainment. Reliance Money has over 22 lakhs customers and more then 10'000 branches in around 5000 cities in India. Company is among the largest broking and distribution house of financial products and having share of more then 3% of total stock market volume at BSE & NSE. RelianceMoney. com is the web based investment portal (with Online Stock Trading) from Reliance Money. This website enables its customer to invest & manage most of the services provided by Reliance Money including Equity (Stock) Trading, Commodity Trading, Derivatives, Mutual Fund Investment, IPO Investment, Life Insurances, General insurances, Money Transfer, Forex exchange, Gold Coins and Credit Cards Services. Company recently entered in to Wealth Management with tools like investment in equity-linked portfolio management services, structured products, insurance and mutual funds. The Reliance Money stock trading websites uses special security features ‘Security Token', which makes your online trading experience more secure without complexity. Stock Trading through RelianceMoney. com is available for BSE and NSE stock exchanges. Offline trading is also available through Reliance Money partners in more then 5000 city across India and through phone by dialing 022-39886000. Investment Options The investment options available with Reliance Money online portal are as below: 1. Equity (Stock) Trading at BSE, NSE and NSE F&O 2. IPO Investment 3. Derivatives Trading 4. Forex Trading 5. Commodity Trading(Gold, Silver, Crude etc†¦. ) at MCX, NCDEX and NMCE (FAQ's) 6. Mutual Fund Investment 7. Life & General Insurance 8. ‘Pure Swiss' Gold Coins (99. 99% pure, 24 carat) Trading Platforms Reliance Money provides 3 different trading platforms for equity trading: 1. Insta Trade 2. Fast Trade 3. Easytrade Reliance Money Technical Analysis (A paid service) Relance Money offers a simplified, automated, sophisticated technical analysis to Indian retail broking consumers with the help of Recognia's Technical Analysis tools. Recognia, a Canada based company, has proprietary pattern recognition technology capable of recognizing patterns in the price charts of any publicly traded financial instrument including stocks, bonds, funds, commodities, currencies and indexes. The technical services are available for introductory free 7-day trail period to Reliance Money users. Post the trail period, this service is available to users at a nominal subscription of Rs. 99 for 3 months/ Rs. 179 for 6 months/ Rs. 299 for a year, i. e. , less than Re 1 a day. Reliance Money Brokerage and fees: Reliance Money offers lowest brokerage rates in today's online stock trading industry in India. The brokerages are as low as 0. 075% for delivery based trading and 0. 02 for now delivery. For more detail about Reliance Money’s brokerage and fees visit the below section of this webpage. Reliance Money Demat Account Charges: |Fee Head |DP Charges | |Annual Services Charges – For Individuals / HUFs / Trust |Rs. 0/- | |Annual Services Charges – For NRIs / Foreign Nationals, Corporates / Others |Rs. 1000/- | |Transaction Charges – SELL (Market & Off Market) |Rs. 25/- | |For instructions given in physical form. | | |Transaction Charges – SELL (Market & Off Market) |Rs. 12/- | |For instructions received through Internet/ online trading through Reliance Securities Ltd. | Advantages of Reliance Money 1. Extra security features with ‘Security Token†, which is the most secure and tested technology in computer world. 2. Simple, easy and fast onlin e stock trading. 3. Almost all investment options are available under one account including Equity Trading, Derivatives, Forex, Commodity, IPO, Mutual Funds and Insurance. 4. Branches are available in all major cities and the number is growing. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY Research can be defined as a systemized effort to gain new knowledge. A research is carried out by different methodologies which have their own pros and cons. Research methodology is a way to solve research in study and solving research problems along with logic behind them are defined through research methodology. Thus while talking about research methodologies we are not only talking of research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods. We are in context of our research studies and explain why it is being used a particular method or technique and why the others are not used. So that research result is capable of being evaluated either by researcher himself or by others. Research Methodology: Research has its special significance in solving various operational and planning problems of business and industry. Research methodology is a way to systematically analyze the research problem. Sampling Methods: A sample is the representative of the population which will predict the behavior of the whole universe While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study the researcher should keep two types of data. . Primary Data. 2. Secondary Data. We use in our research secondary data. Primary means collected a fresh, and the first time data and secondary means which are already available like annual report, magazines etc. Limitations: Every work has its own limitations. Limitations are extent to which the process should not exceed. The following limitations for the project are: ? Data taken was secondary ? A time constraint has also become a maj or limitation ? Complete data was not available due to company privacy and secrecy Objectives of Study: Understand basics of Online Stock Market Trading in India. ? Provide detail about popular online stock trading companies in India. ? Compare and discuss about stock trading websites, their products and services ? To study the awareness of people towards online trading & demat account. ? To study customer satisfaction towards operating expenses of online trading. ? To study the client’s satisfaction towards network security & security of their money. CONCLUSION ? The brokerage rates of A. G. Shares and Securities are maximum, i. . 9 paisa intraday and 90 paisa delivery while brokerage rates of Reliance Money are minimum, i. e. 2 paisa intraday and 7. 5 paisa delivery rate. ? The account opening charges for Indiabulls is maximum while it is nil at India Infoline, Sharekhan and HDFC Securities. ? The AMC at India bulls and Sharekhan are Nil while maximum in Religare Rs 1200 p. aOn the basis of our analysis Reliance Money is the best online trading account because it charges minimum brokerage rates and less annual maintenance charges ? Branches are available in all major cities and the number is growing ? It is very difficult to find out the best online trading account but in a web survey ICICIDirect was founded the best online trading account. ? Second no. was given to India infoline REFERENCE 1) http://www. chittorgarh. com/newportal/online-stock-brokers-list. asp 2) www. indiainfoline. com 3) www. 5paisa. com 4) www. sharekhan. com 5) www. indiabulls. com 6) www. agssl. com 7) www. karvy. com 8) www. wikipedia. com [pic]